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Massive String States as Extreme Black Holes

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M.J. Duff, J. Rahmfeld

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 15 Jun 1994

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We consider the Schwarz-Sen spectrum of elementary electrically charged massive $N_R=1/2$ states of the four-dimensional heterotic string and show the maximum spin $1$ supermultiplets to correspond to extreme black hole solutions.

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arXiv IDhep-th/9406105 (version 2)
Pith ID4FLVRK6O, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationJ. Rahmfeld, M.J. Duff. "Massive String States as Extreme Black Holes." arXiv:hep-th/9406105 (1994). https://pith.science/paper/4FLVRK6O
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,069 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.08 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.82 · compares with prior results 0.33 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We consider the Schwarz-Sen spectrum of elementary electrically charged massive $N_R=1/2$ states of the four-dimensional heterotic string and show the maximum spin $1$ supermultiplets to correspond to extreme black hole solutions. The $N_L=1$ states and $N_L>1$ states (with vanishing left-moving internal momentum) admit a single scalar-Maxwell description with parameters $a=\sqrt 3$ or $a=1$, respectively. The corresponding solitonic magnetically charged spectrum conjectured by Schwarz and Sen on the basis of $S$-duality is also described by extreme black holes.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We consider the Schwarz-Sen spectrum of elementary electrically charged massive $N_R=1/2$ states of the four-dimensional heterotic string and show the maximum spin $1$ supermultiplets to correspond to extreme black hole solutions. result 0.52 0.91 0.79 asserted 1.00
s1 The $N_L=1$ states and $N_L>1$ states (with vanishing left-moving internal momentum) admit a single scalar-Maxwell description with parameters $a=\sqrt 3$ or $a=1$, respectively. result 0.97 0.65 0.07 asserted 1.00
s2 The corresponding solitonic magnetically charged spectrum conjectured by Schwarz and Sen on the basis of $S$-duality is also described by extreme black holes. result 0.94 0.47 0.13 asserted 0.82

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.97.

What was examined, and what was not

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  • arXiv listing abstract v2
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
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  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We consider the Schwarz-Sen spectrum of elementary electrically charged massive $N_R=1/2$ states of the four-dimensional heterotic string and show the maximum spin $1$ supermultiplets to correspond to extreme black hole solutions. The $N_L=1$ states and $N_L>1$ states (with vanishing left-moving internal momentum) admit a single scalar-Maxwell description with parameters $a=\sqrt 3$ or $a=1$, respectively. The corresponding solitonic magnetically charged spectrum conjectured by Schwarz and Sen on the basis of $S$-duality is also described by extreme black holes.

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References
How the literature uses it

4 arXiv papers cite this in 6 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 5 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as support 1 paper
  • This picture is consistent with the interpretation of the 4-charge black hole as bound state at threshold of four 1-charge black holes [ref] .

    Black Holes, Qubits and Octonions · D=4 black hole origin of qubit two-valuedness · 0.97

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