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Dynamical Systems with First- and Second-Class Constraints and the Second Noether Theorem

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S.A. Gogilidze, Yu.S. Surovtsev

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 17 Dec 1996

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim It is proved that second-class constraints do not contribute to the transformation law of the local symmetry which entirely is entirely stipulated by all the first-class constraints.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv IDhep-th/9612180 (version 1)
Pith ID4X6TYYVB, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationS.A. Gogilidze, Yu.S. Surovtsev. "Dynamical Systems with First- and Second-Class Constraints and the Second Noether Theorem." arXiv:hep-th/9612180 (1996). https://pith.science/paper/4X6TYYVB
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,179 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.13 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.01 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.03 · compares with prior results 0.07 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

Dynamical systems, described by Lagrangians with first- and second-class constraints, are investigated. In the Dirac approach to the generalized Hamiltonian formalism, the classification and separation of the first- and second-class constraints are presented with the help of passing to an equivalent canonical set of constraints. The general structure of second-class constraints is clarified. The method of constructing the generator of symmetry transformations in the second Noether theorem is given. It is proved that second-class constraints do not contribute to the transformation law of the local symmetry which entirely is entirely stipulated by all the first-class constraints.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 Dynamical systems, described by Lagrangians with first- and second-class constraints, are investigated. background 0.59 0.74 0.03 asserted 0.91
s1 In the Dirac approach to the generalized Hamiltonian formalism, the classification and separation of the first- and second-class constraints are presented with the help of passing to an equivalent canonical set of constraints. method 0.77 0.78 0.05 asserted 1.00
s2 The general structure of second-class constraints is clarified. contribution 0.81 0.82 0.05 asserted 0.98
s3 The method of constructing the generator of symmetry transformations in the second Noether theorem is given. contribution 0.55 0.85 0.07 asserted 0.98
s4 It is proved that second-class constraints do not contribute to the transformation law of the local symmetry which entirely is entirely stipulated by all the first-class constraints. result 1.00 0.90 0.79 asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.97 · evidence from proof or derivation 1.00.

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  • references and citing sentences
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  • P abstract
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  • S sections
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  • C citations
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

Dynamical systems, described by Lagrangians with first- and second-class constraints, are investigated. In the Dirac approach to the generalized Hamiltonian formalism, the classification and separation of the first- and second-class constraints are presented with the help of passing to an equivalent canonical set of constraints. The general structure of second-class constraints is clarified. The method of constructing the generator of symmetry transformations in the second Noether theorem is given. It is proved that second-class constraints do not contribute to the transformation law of the local symmetry which entirely is entirely stipulated by all the first-class constraints.

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