Holography and Compactification

Herman Verlinde (Princeton University; University of Amsterdam)

REVIEW

Holography and Compactification

Herman Verlinde (Princeton University, University of Amsterdam)

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 24 Jun 1999 · 12 references

Pith's verdict: A genuine supergravity computation wrapped around a heuristic gluing story; the real soft spot is that H in eq. (9) goes negative near empty O3-planes, which the paper flags in footnote 1 but does not resolve.

T0 · AI review

How this review was made: An AI referee (selfhosted/deepseek-v4.1-flash) read the paper on October 29, 2026 and answered a fixed list of questions about it. T0 is the starting level every paper gets. The levels describe how deeply Pith has checked the paper, never the authors.

T0 AI review An AI read the paper and answered a fixed list of questions.
T1 Audit Automatic checks that the references and files the paper relies on exist and match.
T2 Compute The paper's code or calculations re-run with the same results.
T3 Formal statement The claims written out in a formal math language a computer can read.
T4 Proof Those claims proved, and the proof checked by computer.

How Pith checks papers →

· 3 major objections · 8 minor · Ask about this paper · The compiled record · Read the full review →

Challenge this review Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗

Cite ▾

arXiv IDhep-th/9906182 (version 1)

Pith IDCDTPMP7I, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationHerman Verlinde (Princeton University, University of Amsterdam). "Holography and Compactification." arXiv:hep-th/9906182 (1999). https://pith.science/paper/CDTPMP7I

Cite this reviewBibTeX for Pith's review of this paper

Claim paper

Why Pith says this

Highlight any text to comment on it.

Editor's note

read the letter

The thing to know: this is the paper that puts RS warping inside an actual type I orientifold, and the calculable core holds up. Eqs. (8)-(11) give the harmonic function for the D3-branes and their images plus the 64 O3-planes on T^6, the volume integral (14) is finite despite the fourth-order pole, and the redshift m4 = m H^{1/4} in (19) follows. That is a real supergravity computation, not hand-waving, and it is why the paper has lasted. What is new relative to RS [5] is the string realization and the identification of the compact y with the 4d RG scale. That identification is imported from AdS/CFT, not derived here, and the abstract's closing line (abstract:s4) is qualitative: it is Maldacena's stretched string read twice, not a computed statement about tensions. Fine for a proposal letter, but do not read it as a result. Where I would push: the stress-test is right that H in (9) is not positive definite. Near an O3-plane with no coincident D3, f_O ~ |x|^{-4} while f_D stays finite, so H goes negative and (8) is not a Lorentzian metric there. At the SO(32) point 63 O-planes are empty, so this happens on open sets of the T^6. Footnote 1 does acknowledge that H goes through 0 and files it under alpha-prime corrections; that is an honest flag, but it is not a resolution, and the defect is visible classically. I would weight this as the paper's main soft spot. I would push back on the 'gluing is asserted' framing, though. The cut-a-ball-and-replace language in Section 2 is heuristic; the actual background is (8)-(11), and the harmonic superposition is the backreaction. The junction-condition complaint bites only through the H-to-zero regions. Minor: the cosmological constant section leans on [12], which is listed as in preparation. Do not cite that part. Who it is for: anyone working on warped compactification or holographic RG. It is a template paper. Recommendation: send it out. It deserves referees, and the H-to-zero issue is exactly what a referee should press on.

Referee report

Significance

If the construction is a consistent background, the paper gives a concrete string-theoretic realization of the Randall-Sundrum warped compactification and a sharp, checkable relation among the four-dimensional Planck length, the AdS radius and the compact volume (eqs. 12-14). The strengths are real and should be named: the harmonic function (9)-(11) carries the correct D3-brane and O3-plane normalizations, including the -1/4 orientifold tension; the observation that V6 in (14) is finite despite the fourth-order pole is correct, since the offending integral is of the form r dr; the redshift derivation (15)-(19) is a genuine computation with a checkable near-brane limit that reproduces (6); and the central statement is falsifiable in the sense that it ties L_pl, R and V6 together rather than leaving them independent. The paper is a letter-length proposal and is candid that the gluing step is assumed rather than derived.

Major objections (3)

[Section 2, paragraph following Eq. (8)] The sentence 'It seems reasonable to assume that the resulting total space can be smoothed out to obtain an exact consistent type II background' carries the weight of the entire construction, and it is the one step the manuscript does not support. The cut-and-paste of a ball out of the T^6, replaced by the y > 0 region of AdS5 x S5, is asserted; no junction conditions are written, no dilaton profile is exhibited across the seam, and no matching of the Ramond-Ramond five-form flux is shown. The reader is left unsure whether eqs. (8)-(11) are being offered as the explicit background (in which case the 'smoothing out' is the standard statement that the harmonic-function ansatz solves the type II equations to leading order in gs N) or whether they are only a linearized superposition that the authors hope can be completed. The manuscript should say which, and should then verify the claim at the stated order: exhibit the dilaton and self-dual five-form for the ansatz, check that the metric (8) with H from (9) satisfies the ten-dimensional equations away from the sources, and state explicitly what happens at the O-plane singularities. As written, the existence of the compact AdS slice, which is the premise of every later claim including abstract:s4, rests on an assumption rather than a computation.
[Section 2, Eqs. (8)-(11) and footnote 1] The authors acknowledge in footnote 1 that H passes through zero near the orientifold planes that carry no coincident D3-branes, and they file that region as one where alpha' and non-perturbative corrections are expected to matter. That acknowledgement is appropriate, but the manuscript then uses (8) as a global metric: eq. (14) defines V6 as the integral of H over the whole T^6, and eqs. (12)-(13) and (19) extract the four-dimensional Planck length and the redshift from that integral. Where H < 0 the integrand of (14) is negative, so V6 is not a volume, and g_4 = H^{-1/2} ds_4^2 degenerates. In the SO(32) symmetric example all 32 covering-space D3-branes sit at one fixed point, leaving 63 O-planes empty, so the offending region is not a measure-zero set. The authors should state the domain of validity of (8) explicitly, estimate the (negative) contribution of the H < 0 region to V6 in (14) and show it is negligible relative to R_c^6, and note that the four-dimensional Planck length is being extracted from the H > 0 region only. If the negative region is string-scale, as the footnote suggests, saying so quantitatively would settle the point.
[Section 4] The section concludes that 'the renormalization group scale is promoted to a real physical extra dimension', while in the same breath invoking the holographic identification of y-translations with scale transformations to avoid over-counting degrees of freedom. These two readings are in tension and the manuscript does not supply a criterion that separates a physical separation in y from a holographic image of physics at y ~ 0. Footnote 3 reassigns the continuum Kaluza-Klein tower of gravitational excitations to low-energy SYM degrees of freedom, but this is stated rather than shown, and it is precisely the point on which the 'real extra dimension' language stands or falls. A concrete test would help: compute the four-dimensional graviton propagator from the normalizable zero mode of (8) and compare it with the one obtained from the boundary stress-tensor two-point function in the dual theory. If the two agree, the 'real extra dimension' phrasing needs to be qualified; if they differ, the difference should be exhibited. As it stands, the section reads as an interpretation laid over the construction rather than a result derived from it.

Minor objections (8)

[Section 2, Eqs. (9)-(10)] Please state explicitly whether the factor 16 in f_D counts physical D3-branes or covering-space images, and check that the near-horizon limit of (8) reproduces the AdS radius (2) with N = 16 rather than N = 32. The normalization of the constant term in (9) is consistent with the standard D3 harmonic function, but the counting in the orientifold is easy to misread as written.
[Section 3, Eqs. (16)-(18)] The step from (16) to (18), in which the factor H^{1/4} appears, should be shown. It follows from the ratio of the determinant factors and the delta-function normalization, but the intermediate line is missing and the index contractions in (16) are not specified.
[Section 2, paragraph following Eq. (7)] The claim that orbifolding can raise the allowed values of N to the order of 10^3, and hence relax (7) to gs >> 10^{-4}, is asserted without an example. Either give one explicit orbifold with its tadpole-cancellation bookkeeping or soften the estimate to a conjecture.
[Section 5, cosmological constant paragraph] The statements that the universe is an AdS black hole with a horizon radius of about a millimeter and entropy of order 10^90 rest on ref. [12], which is listed as 'in preparation'. Since the passage is explicitly flagged as a suggestive coincidence this is not a blocking issue, but the text should mark it as conjectural and, if possible, supply the argument rather than citing an unpublished note.
[References] Refs. [6] (Gimon-Polchinski) and [8] (Kakushadze-Tye) appear in the bibliography but are not cited anywhere in the text; either cite them where they belong or remove them.
[Figure 1] The figure is difficult to read in the present form: the axis labels and the legend distinguishing O3-planes from D3-branes are garbled, and the caption does not identify which region is the T^6 and which is the AdS5 x S5 slice. A cleaner redraw would help the reader follow the gluing described in Section 2.
[Abstract and Section 5] The phrase 'two different wavefunctions of one and the same object' (abstract:s4) is looser than what Section 5 actually establishes, namely that the two objects are related by a translation in y. Since y-translations are scale transformations in this dictionary, 'wavefunctions' is misleading; 'two readings of one object at different y' would match the argument.
[Throughout] There are numerous typesetting artifacts from the original production: 'con sider', 'orientifold' with stray spacing, 'eﬀ ect', 'reﬂects' in the sentence 'This exponential factor is reﬂects the fact', 'the the ten-metric' in the line above eq. (15), a lower-case 'we can write' after a full stop in Section 2, and 'Savdee p Sethi' in the acknowledgements. These should be cleaned up in the final version.

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

The paper

The paper claims

Verlinde argues that a compact slice of anti-de Sitter space can sit inside an ordinary string compactification, and that the coordinate along it is the renormalization group scale of the four-dimensional world — so the graviton and the QCD

The reading

The paper asks whether the warped extra direction of a Randall-Sundrum-type compactification can literally be the renormalization group scale of the four-dimensional world, and whether a real string compactification produces that geometry. The worked example is type I theory on $T^6$, rewritten as a type II orientifold with $N$ coincident D3-branes: the combined backreaction of the branes and the 64 orientifold planes gives a ten-dimensional metric whose four-dimensional part carries a conformal factor $H(x_⊥)^{1/2}$, which near the branes turns into the exponential warp of $AdS_5×S^5$. Since the AdS radial coordinate is dual to scale transformations on the boundary, the compact direction is read as the renormalization scale, and the four-dimensional graviton becomes a normalizable collective mode of the same ten-dimensional metric that produces the gauge theory. If this is right, gravity need not be grafted onto the holographic duality by hand — it follows from the same geometry — and the paper's headline consequence is that the Planck-scale string and the confining color-flux string are one object viewed at two different positions along $y$.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the harmonic function $H(x_⊥)$ of equation (9), built from the summed $1/|x|^4$ contributions of the 16 D3-branes and their $Z_2$ images (with a factor $2$ from images) minus the $1/4$-tension contributions of the 64 orientifold planes, entering the metric as $ds^2 = H^{-1/2}ds_4^2 + H^{1/2}dx_⊥^2$. Near the branes this reduces to the standard $AdS_5×S^5$ line element, so the warp factor and the holographic identification $y ↔$ scale are inherited from that near-horizon limit, while the finite $T^6$ volume supplies the four-dimensional Planck length through $(L_{10})^8=(L_{pl})^2 V_6$ with $V_6 = ∫_{T^6} d^6x_⊥ H(x_⊥)$. The collective graviton mode is the fluctuation that keeps the form of the metric but promotes $ds_4^2$ to a general four-metric, and its coupling to matter is read off from $m_4(x_⊥)=m H(x_⊥)^{1/4}$, recovering the redshift law $m e^{-y/R}$ in the throat.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that a compact slice of $AdS_5×S^5$ can be embedded inside a ten-dimensional compactification manifold — here the orientifold of type II on $T^6$ with $N$ D3-branes — and that the radial coordinate of that slice plays the role of the renormalization group scale of the four-dimensional theory living on the branes. The author cuts a ball of radius equal to the $AdS$ curvature radius out of the $T^6$ around the D3-branes and replaces its interior with the $y≳0$ region of $AdS_5×S^5$, treating the result as the gravitational backreaction of the branes. On this picture the exponential warp factor $e^{-2y/R}$ makes a five-dimensional mass $m$ look like a four-dimensional mass $m_4=m e^{-y/R}$, and the same warp makes a fundamental string of Planck size at one end of the throat appear as a color-electric flux line of arbitrary length at the other. The paper presents this as a generalization of the AdS/CFT correspondence to boundary theories that themselves include gravity.

Load-bearing premise

The paper assumes without proof that the cut-out region of $T^6$ and the inserted $AdS_5×S^5$ throat can be smoothly joined into an exact type II background, matching dilaton and Ramond-Ramond flux across the seam and satisfying the equations of motion, rather than merely superposing the harmonic function of equation (9).

Editorial extensions

If this is right

The four-dimensional graviton is not an added ingredient but a normalizable collective mode of the ten-dimensional metric, so the boundary theory of the duality automatically contains gravity.
The Planck string and the large-$N$ confining string are the same type II string, related by a translation in the warped direction, so the two tensions are two readings of one tension.
Glueball and other confining bound states correspond to graviton wave-equation solutions localized deep inside the AdS region, as in ordinary AdS/CFT, but sourced by the same string that gives physical gravity.
Mass hierarchies such as the weak-to-Planck ratio become separations along $y$, since a separation of tens of Planck lengths gives warp factors of order $10^{15}$ or more.
Consistent backgrounds of this kind exist only for a restricted set of D3-brane charges $N$, though orbifolding the internal space can push the allowed range to $N$ of order $10^3$ or larger.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

If the identification holds, the compactification moduli problem changes character: the radion of the warped direction is not an arbitrary scalar but the local renormalization scale, so its potential is tied to the beta function of the boundary theory rather than to flux quantization alone.
The construction suggests a calculational handle on confining theories: a glueball mass in the four-dimensional theory could be computed as a graviton or bulk-field eigenvalue in the glued background, giving a concrete target for testing the picture numerically.
The paper's remark that a holographic description of the observed universe resembles an AdS black hole with millimetre-scale horizon suggests a cross-check: the entropy and horizon size of that black hole should satisfy the same warp-factor bookkeeping used here for the graviton coupling.
Because the gluing is asserted rather than solved, a natural extension is to ask whether junction conditions plus flux conservation across the seam force a relation between $N$, the $T^6$ volume, and the string coupling — a relation that would be a falsifiable prediction of the scenario.

Original abstract

Following a recent suggestion by Randall and Sundrum, we consider string compactification scenarios in which a compact slice of AdS-space arises as a subspace of the compactification manifold. A specific example is provided by the type II orientifold equivalent to type I theory on (orbifolds of) $T^6$, upon taking into account the gravitational backreaction of the D3-branes localized inside the $T^6$. The conformal factor of the four-dimensional metric depends exponentially on one of the compact directions, which, via the holographic correspondence, becomes identified with the renormalization group scale in the uncompactified world. This set-up can be viewed as a generalization of the AdS/CFT correspondence to boundary theories that include gravitational dynamics. A striking consequence is that, in this scenario, the fundamental Planck size string and the large N QCD string appear as (two different wavefunctions of) one and the same object.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,428 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.07 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.04 · compares with prior results 0.51 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Following a recent suggestion by Randall and Sundrum, we consider string compactification scenarios in which a compact slice of AdS-space arises as a subspace of the compactification manifold. A specific example is provided by the type II orientifold equivalent to type I theory on (orbifolds of) $T^6$, upon taking into account the gravitational backreaction of the D3-branes localized inside the $T^6$. The conformal factor of the four-dimensional metric depends exponentially on one of the compact directions, which, via the holographic correspondence, becomes identified with the renormalization group scale in the uncompactified world. This set-up can be viewed as a generalization of the AdS/CFT correspondence to boundary theories that include gravitational dynamics. A striking consequence is that, in this scenario, the fundamental Planck size string and the large N QCD string appear as (two different wavefunctions of) one and the same object.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Following a recent suggestion by Randall and Sundrum, we consider string compactification scenarios in which a compact slice of AdS-space arises as a subspace of the compactification manifold.	contribution 0.74	0.57	0.06	asserted 0.80
s1	A specific example is provided by the type II orientifold equivalent to type I theory on (orbifolds of) $T^6$, upon taking into account the gravitational backreaction of the D3-branes localized inside the $T^6$.	contribution 0.61	0.48	0.05	asserted 0.89
s2	The conformal factor of the four-dimensional metric depends exponentially on one of the compact directions, which, via the holographic correspondence, becomes identified with the renormalization group scale in the uncompactified world.	result 0.62	0.72	0.15	asserted 1.00
s3	This set-up can be viewed as a generalization of the AdS/CFT correspondence to boundary theories that include gravitational dynamics.	interpretation 1.00	0.44	0.16	asserted 0.68
s4	A striking consequence is that, in this scenario, the fundamental Planck size string and the large N QCD string appear as (two different wavefunctions of) one and the same object.	result 0.70	0.75	0.53	asserted 0.98

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.99 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.65.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

References

Works cited (12)

[5]

L. Randall and R. Sundrum, A Large Mass Hierarchy from a Small Extra Dimension , hep-ph/9905221; An Alternative to Compactiﬁcation , hep-th/9906064

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[12]

E. Verlinde, private communication; E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde, in preparation. 11

View on Pith
[1]

J. Maldacena, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 (1998) 231, hep-t h/9711200

View on Pith 1998
[2]

O. Aharony, S. S. Gubser, J. Maldacena, H. Ooguri and Y. Oz , Large N Field Theories, String Theory and Gravity , hep-th/9905111, and references therein

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[3]

L. Susskind and E. Witten, The Holographic Bound in Anti- de Sitter Space, hep- th/9805114 10

View on Pith
[4]

N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali, Phys. Lett. B429 (1998) 263, hep- ph/9803315; I. Antoniadis, N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali, Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 257, hep-ph/9804398

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[6]

E. Gimon and J. Polchinski, Consistency Conditions for Orientifolds and D-Manifolds , Phys.Rev. D54 (1996) 1667-1676, hep-th/9601038

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1996
[7]

J. Polchinski, TASI Lectures on D-Branes , hep-th/9611050

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[8]

Z. Kakushadze and S. Tye, Brane World, hep-th/9809147

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[9]

S. Gubser, I. Klebanov and A. Polyakov, Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory, Phys.Lett.B428 (1998) 105, hep-th/9802109

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[10]

E. Witten, Anti-de Sitter Space and Holography, Adv.Th eor.Math.Phys.2 (1998) 253, hep-th/9802150

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[11]

E. Witten, Anti-de Sitter Space, Thermal Phase Transition, And Conﬁne ment In Gauge Theories, Adv.Theor.Math.Phys. 2 (1998) 505-532, hep-th/9803131

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

Forward citations

Cited by 49 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

de Sitter Vacua in String Theory
hep-th 2003-01 conditional novelty 9.0 of 10

Type IIB flux compactification, plus a non-perturbative superpotential, plus a warped anti-D3 uplift, yields a metastable de Sitter vacuum with all moduli fixed and a lifetime far exceeding 10^10 years.
Supergravity and a Confining Gauge Theory: Duality Cascades and $\chi$SB-Resolution of Naked Singularities
hep-th 2000-07 accept novelty 9.0 of 10

A repeating chain of Seiberg dualities in an N=1 gauge theory corresponds to decreasing five-form flux in a gravity background, and chiral symmetry breaking deforms the conifold into a smooth confining geometry.
The String Dual of a Confining Four-Dimensional Gauge Theory
hep-th 2000-03 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

Adding masses to N=4 Yang-Mills polarizes the dual D3-branes into wrapped (p,q) 5-branes, giving a nonsingular gravity dual of a confining gauge theory whose flux tubes, baryons and domain walls are identified.
Modulus Stabilization with Bulk Fields
hep-ph 1999-07 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

A bulk scalar field with brane-localized quartic couplings generates a potential whose minimum fixes the extra dimension's size at the value needed to solve the hierarchy problem.
Brane effective actions and their island rule from $T\overline T$ flows
hep-th 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The brane effective action for semi-classical AdS_3 gravity is derived in closed form at lowest derivative order for arbitrary brane tension, and exactly reproduces Ryu-Takayanagi entropy in an island-rule calculation...

Show 44 more citing papers

Quantum BTZ black hole
hep-th 2020-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

An exact braneworld construction of a rotating quantum BTZ black hole yields a generalized entropy that satisfies the first law of thermodynamics to all orders in backreaction and curvature corrections.
String Axiverse
hep-th 2009-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

String theory predicts an axiverse of ultralight axions whose effects on CMB polarization, matter power spectrum, and black hole superradiance can be probed by future astrophysical experiments.
DGP Specteroscopy
hep-th 2006-04 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

A systematic perturbative analysis shows the self-accelerating branch of DGP braneworlds always contains a 4D ghost, so it cannot reliably explain cosmic acceleration.
On Tunnelling In Two-Throat Warped Reheating
hep-th 2006-02 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The self-consistent decay rate for KK modes transferring energy between two warped throats equals the standard plane-wave tunnelling rate, and the rate can be enhanced by modifying the UV geometry.
Dynamics of warped compactifications and the shape of the warped landscape
hep-th 2005-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A ten-dimensional formula for the potential of warped flux compactifications is derived, yielding a slope-dominance criterion for de Sitter vacua and a warping-corrected definition of holomorphic Kahler moduli.
The dS/dS Correspondence
hep-th 2004-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

De Sitter space in d dimensions is proposed to be dual to two cut-off conformal field theories on de Sitter space in d-1 dimensions, coupled to each other and to (d-1)-dimensional gravity.
DBI in the Sky
hep-th 2004-04 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

DBI inflation predicts equilateral non-Gaussianity with |f_NL| of order 0.32 gamma squared, bounded below at an observable level, and favors large tensor modes.
Scalar Speed Limits and Cosmology: Acceleration from D-cceleration
hep-th 2003-10 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Causality in the dual AdS geometry imposes a speed limit on the N=4 SYM scalar moduli, and coupling that DBI-corrected field theory to gravity yields power-law inflation from an ordinary quadratic potential at subPlan...
New Supersymmetric String Compactifications
hep-th 2002-11 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

T-dualizing type IIB flux vacua on T^6/Z2 yields a new class of supersymmetric compactifications on twisted tori, with a superpotential that includes flux and geometric-twist contributions.
Quantum Black Holes as Holograms in AdS Braneworlds
hep-th 2002-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Classical brane-localized black holes in AdS braneworlds are conjectured to be dual to quantum-corrected black holes of a cutoff conformal field theory coupled to gravity, supported by parametric matches in 2+1 dimensions.
Cosmology of Brane Models with Radion Stabilization
hep-ph 1999-11 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Stabilizing the radion in Randall-Sundrum brane models removes the constraint between brane energy densities and restores standard FRW cosmology, with the radion acquiring renormalizable TeV-suppressed couplings to matter.
Relative Quantum Gravity: Localized Gravity and the Swampland
hep-th 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Localized gravity theories can violate swampland constraints, but satisfy them when defined relative to a higher-dimensional gravity completion, dubbed relative quantum gravity.
Spheres To Jets: Tuning Event Shapes with 5d Simplified Models
hep-ph 2020-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A 5d simplified model with scalar fields and adjustable bulk masses can generate collider events spanning the range from spherical to jetty, with the event shape controlled by analytically understood triple Bessel ove...
Control issues of KKLT
hep-th 2020-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

KKLT-compatible flux compactifications generically drive the warp factor negative over a large part of the Calabi-Yau, producing singularities that break the 10d supergravity control the construction relies on.
Quantum Extremal Islands Made Easy, Part I: Entanglement on the Brane
hep-th 2020-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In a brane-world holographic model, quantum extremal islands arise from ordinary Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces crossing the brane, so islands need not require black holes or horizons.
Pixelated Dark Energy
hep-th 2019-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The pixel model of dark energy predicts w_a = -1.5 Omega_m,0 (1+w_0) and a cutoff l_max ~ N on the CMB angular power spectrum, both consequences of a cosmological constant scaling as 1/N in the pixel number.
A naturally light dilaton
hep-th 2013-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A light dilaton arises naturally, with mass suppressed by a small near-marginal symmetry-breaking parameter, when the underlying theory has a line of fixed points whose quartic coupling crosses zero.
On Spacetime Entanglement
hep-th 2013-04 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Holographic calculations in the Randall-Sundrum II braneworld show that the entanglement entropy of a large smooth region is the Bekenstein-Hawking area term plus curvature-squared corrections that match Wald entropy ...
Flavor Physics in the Randall-Sundrum Model: I. Theoretical Setup and Electroweak Precision Tests
hep-ph 2008-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Exact Kaluza-Klein solutions for bulk gauge and fermion fields in the Randall-Sundrum model yield the full set of tree-level flavor-changing couplings, and show the minimal model survives electroweak precision data fo...
Dynamics of Warped Flux Compactifications
hep-th 2008-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Warp corrections to the four-dimensional effective action of type IIB flux compactifications leave kinetic terms diagonal in a warped KK basis and modify the complex structure Kähler potential relative to prior proposals.
Warped/Composite Phenomenology Simplified
hep-ph 2006-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A two-sector effective field theory reproduces the collider phenomenology of warped/composite models using only the Standard Model and its first heavy excitations, with UV-finite Higgs fine-tuning and explicit precisi...
Observational Signatures and Non-Gaussianities of General Single Field Inflation
hep-th 2006-05 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

For any single-field inflation model whose Lagrangian depends only on the inflaton and its first derivative, the full primordial three-point function at first order in slow variation is fixed by five parameters and de...
A Holographic Dual of CFT with Flavor on de Sitter Space
hep-th 2006-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A D7-brane with a dS4 worldvolume in AdS5 x S5 is shown to be static and tachyon-free, and its holographic flavor observables reproduce the finite-temperature effects expected for a CFT with flavor on de Sitter space.
de Sitter String Vacua from Perturbative Kahler Corrections and Consistent D-terms
hep-th 2006-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Perturbative Kähler corrections stabilize the volume modulus while preserving the shift symmetry that a D7-brane D-term can gauge, uplifting the AdS minimum to a metastable de Sitter vacuum.
Flavor Structure of Warped Extra Dimension Models
hep-ph 2004-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

With anarchic five-dimensional Yukawas and Kaluza-Klein masses near 3 TeV, warped extra dimension models predict a neutron electric dipole moment roughly twenty times the current bound, alongside order-one new physics...
RS1, Custodial Isospin and Precision Tests
hep-ph 2003-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Adding a bulk SU(2)_R custodial symmetry to a Randall-Sundrum model with bulk gauge fields and fermions removes the excessive T-parameter contribution, allowing a viable non-supersymmetric solution to the hierarchy pr...
Scales and hierarchies in warped compactifications and brane worlds
hep-th 2002-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In type IIB warped flux compactifications the gravitino and moduli masses land near the four-dimensional Planck scale, yet D3-brane matter receives no tree-level masses from the supersymmetry-breaking flux.
Holography and the Electroweak Phase Transition
hep-th 2001-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Holography gives a Randall-Sundrum critical temperature well below the TeV scale, and the first-order transition into the Standard Model phase is too slow to complete, forcing a weak-scale inflationary epoch unless th...
Comments on the Holographic Picture of the Randall-Sundrum Model
hep-th 2000-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The Randall-Sundrum model's Kaluza-Klein spectrum plus radion is shown to correspond to four-dimensional gravity coupled to a theory with spontaneously broken conformal invariance, with the radion as the Goldstone bos...
Holography and Phenomenology
hep-th 2000-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Warped five-dimensional Randall-Sundrum models are dual to four-dimensional strongly coupled conformal field theories, cut off in the UV (RS2) or broken in the IR (RS1), and this dictionary resolves several phenomenol...
Bulk Fields and Supersymmetry in a Slice of AdS
hep-ph 2000-03 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Standard Model fields can propagate in the warped five-dimensional bulk, where their wavefunction overlap with a brane-localized Higgs generates the fermion mass hierarchy, and five-dimensional supersymmetry fixes the...
Universal Aspects of Gravity Localized on Thick Branes
hep-th 2000-01 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

In smooth thick-brane backgrounds, four-dimensional gravity is localized precisely when the Kaluza-Klein continuum decouples, and the correction to Newton's law is a universal power law set by the metric's long-range falloff.
On the Holographic Renormalization Group
hep-th 1999-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The radial evolution equations of five-dimensional supergravity take the form of Callan-Symanzik equations, identifying the classical supergravity action with the quantum effective action of the dual gauge theory.
AdS/CFT and gravity
hep-th 1999-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The Randall-Sundrum brane world is shown to be gravity coupled to a hidden conformal field theory, with radiation-dominated cosmology emerging on a slice of an AdS black hole and G4 = 2G5/L.
Phenomenology of a Stabilized Modulus
hep-ph 1999-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

If the Randall-Sundrum extra dimension is stabilized by a light bulk scalar, the radion is lighter than the Kaluza-Klein modes and couples to Standard Model matter with TeV-scale strength fixed by general covariance.
Bulk Gauge Fields in the Randall-Sundrum Model
hep-ph 1999-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Bulk Standard Model gauge fields in the Randall-Sundrum model are disfavored: their strongly coupled Kaluza-Klein excitations must lie above about 23 TeV, which forces the bulk curvature above the higher-dimensional P...
Warped Phenomenology
hep-ph 1999-09 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The warped-geometry extra-dimension model predicts a tower of Kaluza-Klein gravitons with TeV-scale masses and TeV-suppressed couplings, producing dilepton and dijet resonances whose mass and width determine the model...
Black Hole Microstate Cosmology
hep-th 2018-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

For black hole microstates built by Euclidean evolution of conformal boundary states, the time dependence of entanglement entropy of large subsystems probes the geometry behind the horizon, within a constant-tension e...
Comments on $T \bar T$ double trace deformations and boundary conditions
hep-th 2018-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Extending the Fourier-transform treatment of double-trace deformations from scalars and vectors to the metric, the authors argue the T Tbar deformation's holographic cutoff surface should carry a Neumann, not Dirichle...
de Sitter String Vacua from Kahler Uplifting
hep-th 2006-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The leading α'^3 correction to the Kähler potential, together with gaugino condensation and flux tuning, stabilizes the volume modulus, dilaton, and complex structure moduli in a metastable de Sitter vacuum at volume ...
The Duality Cascade
hep-th 2005-05 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

The cascade is one renormalization-group flow with infinitely many dual field-theory descriptions, and its supergravity dual looks smooth because the flow sits in the interior of a valley of coupling space rather than...
Gravitational Stability and Renormalization-Group Flow
hep-th 1999-09 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Any dilaton potential that admits a stable anti-de Sitter vacuum can be recast so that its domain walls solve first-order Bogomol'nyi equations, making the holographic renormalization-group flow tractable.
Flux compactifications in string theory: a comprehensive review
hep-th 2005-09 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

A structured survey of type II flux compactifications: which fluxes preserve N=1, why compact spaces need orientifold planes, how fluxes generate superpotentials, and how far they go toward fixing moduli.
TASI Lectures on Extra Dimensions and Branes
hep-ph 2004-04 accept novelty 1.0 of 10

A pedagogical survey of brane and extra-dimension model building, covering large flat dimensions, split fermions, gaugino mediation, orbifold symmetry breaking, and the Randall-Sundrum warped solution with its gravito...

How the literature uses it

81 arXiv papers cite this in 102 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 50 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 4 papers

For this purpose, we will employ the framework of braneworld holography [ref] , in the particular case of $n=1$ where we can find exact solutions for the four-dimensional bulk.

Quantum Backreaction on Chronology Horizons · Quantum backreaction in Misner-AdS$_3$ · 0.99
We make use of the ideas of holographic renormalization [ref] when identifying parameters on the two sides of the correspondence.

Dynamics of a Stabilized Radion and Duality · The Dual Picture · 1.00
We can model its effects after the fashion of [ref] : by cutting off the geometry at some $u = u_UV$ and allowing the formerly "non-normalizable" bulk modes, which describe the field theory couplings, to fluctuate.

Axion monodromy in a model of holographic gluodynamics · Dynamical axions · 0.87

Compares with it 1 paper

In this sense, the $Spin(7)$ construction is a stringy implementation of these ideas, much as reference [ref] was a stringy proposal for implementing warped extra dimensions [ref] .

Pixelated Dark Energy · The Spin(7) Universe · 0.83

Cites it as background 43 papers

In string theory compactification, sources carrying effective D3-brane charges create warped throats in six extra-dimensions [ref] .

Decaying Hidden Dark Matter in Warped Compactification · Introduction and model setup · 0.80
This possibility was first analyzed by Randall and Sundrum (RS) [ref] .

Radion cosmology and stabilization · Introduction · 0.93
Though not necessarily essential, perhaps the most straightforward source of such a parameter (and the one found in the literature) is a large RS like [ref] hierarchy arising from embedding a warped throat geometry into a compact Calabi-Yau space along the lines of [ref] .

Effective Theory of Warped Compactifications and the Implications for KKLT · Introduction · 0.88

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

[1] [5]

L. Randall and R. Sundrum, A Large Mass Hierarchy from a Small Extra Dimension , hep-ph/9905221; An Alternative to Compactiﬁcation , hep-th/9906064

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[2] [12]

E. Verlinde, private communication; E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde, in preparation. 11

View on Pith

[3] [1]

J. Maldacena, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 (1998) 231, hep-t h/9711200

View on Pith 1998

[4] [2]

O. Aharony, S. S. Gubser, J. Maldacena, H. Ooguri and Y. Oz , Large N Field Theories, String Theory and Gravity , hep-th/9905111, and references therein

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[5] [3]

L. Susskind and E. Witten, The Holographic Bound in Anti- de Sitter Space, hep- th/9805114 10

View on Pith

[6] [4]

N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali, Phys. Lett. B429 (1998) 263, hep- ph/9803315; I. Antoniadis, N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali, Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 257, hep-ph/9804398

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[7] [6]

E. Gimon and J. Polchinski, Consistency Conditions for Orientifolds and D-Manifolds , Phys.Rev. D54 (1996) 1667-1676, hep-th/9601038

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1996

[8] [7]

J. Polchinski, TASI Lectures on D-Branes , hep-th/9611050

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[9] [8]

Z. Kakushadze and S. Tye, Brane World, hep-th/9809147

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[10] [9]

S. Gubser, I. Klebanov and A. Polyakov, Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory, Phys.Lett.B428 (1998) 105, hep-th/9802109

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[11] [10]

E. Witten, Anti-de Sitter Space and Holography, Adv.Th eor.Math.Phys.2 (1998) 253, hep-th/9802150

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[12] [11]

E. Witten, Anti-de Sitter Space, Thermal Phase Transition, And Conﬁne ment In Gauge Theories, Adv.Theor.Math.Phys. 2 (1998) 505-532, hep-th/9803131

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998