Pith Number

pith:6RKB4IUW

pith:2026:6RKB4IUWMXMKX5B6WNAF5ILPKW

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Optimizing Grid-Forming Controls using Relay-based Extremum Seeking to Enhance Transient Performance

Kyung-Bin Kwon, Min Gyung Yu, Sayak Mukherjee, Timothy I. Salsbury

Extremum seeking tunes droop in grid-forming inverters for real-time optimal transients

arxiv:2605.14161 v1 · 2026-05-13 · eess.SY · cs.SY

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\pithnumber{6RKB4IUWMXMKX5B6WNAF5ILPKW}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

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The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

The ESC algorithm successfully tracks the time-varying optimal droop coefficient in real-time as network conditions change, thereby ensuring robust and near-optimal system performance without requiring an analytical grid model.

C2weakest assumption

The multi-objective cost function is convex with respect to the droop parameter, which justifies the use of gradient-based optimization via extremum seeking.

C3one line summary

Relay-based extremum seeking control dynamically optimizes the droop coefficient in grid-forming inverters to improve transient performance on a simulated large-scale power system.

References

18 extracted · 18 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] A Comparative Study of Two Widely Used Grid-forming Droop Controls on Microgrid Small-Signal Sta- bility, 2019

[2] Grid-forming invert- ers: A critical asset for the power grid, 2019

[4] A Comparative Study of Two Widely Used Grid- Forming Droop Controls on Microgrid Small-Signal Stability, 2020

[5] Synthesizing Virtual Oscillators to Control Islanded Inverters, 2016

[6] Insights Into Dissipating Energy-Based Source/Sink Characterization of TCSC and STATCOM for Low-Frequency Oscillations, 2023

Formal links

1 machine-checked theorem link

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:39:11.474204Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

f4541e229665d8abf43eb3405ea16f55b804da8f80037d8f85f5a8cb07b538cc

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.14161 · arxiv_version: 2605.14161v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.14161 · pith_short_12: 6RKB4IUWMXMK · pith_short_16: 6RKB4IUWMXMKX5B6 · pith_short_8: 6RKB4IUW

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/6RKB4IUWMXMKX5B6WNAF5ILPKW \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: f4541e229665d8abf43eb3405ea16f55b804da8f80037d8f85f5a8cb07b538cc

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "d6c79cb3e138da34a9db2bfc05ee7451a77d36de7abaacb791497205e84ff51f",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.SY"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "eess.SY",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-13T22:30:12Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "805cd021b7c4c85f7b3073f1cc62fc61818724ce1edbffa3adfc1801a3064c3b"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.14161",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}