Pith Number

pith:G37GUAK2

pith:2025:G37GUAK252XBNXE3NKYC5FQ462

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Evidence for Limited Metacognition in LLMs

Christopher Ackerman

arxiv:2509.21545 v2 · 2025-09-25 · cs.LG · cs.AI

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{G37GUAK252XBNXE3NKYC5FQ462}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

5 papers in Pith

When Preferences Fail to Become Incentives: A Utility-Behavior Gap in Large Language Models

LLM Agents Are Latent Context Managers: Eliciting Self-Managed Context via State Proprioception

Measuring the metacognition of AI

Consciousness with the Serial Numbers Filed Off: Measuring Trained Denial in 115 AI Models

The Metacognitive Monitoring Battery: A Cross-Domain Benchmark for LLM Self-Monitoring

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-07T02:17:10.537376Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

36fe6a015aeeae16dc9b6ab02e961cf6b297130f3860a0bd4f8901932058b41a

Aliases

arxiv: 2509.21545 · arxiv_version: 2509.21545v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2509.21545 · pith_short_12: G37GUAK252XB · pith_short_16: G37GUAK252XBNXE3 · pith_short_8: G37GUAK2

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/G37GUAK252XBNXE3NKYC5FQ462 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 36fe6a015aeeae16dc9b6ab02e961cf6b297130f3860a0bd4f8901932058b41a

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "5f3043e3d89dc6d0d04e2f885e28e5b664ca3f6bd55b6b3895e2a18a2ff5b26a",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2025-09-25T20:30:15Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "76608a4da578eb8514a686b23bde2fdeb2a5b5380781a3cf82c190f611cbcc98"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2509.21545",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}