Torn accretion disks around Kerr black holes erode the inner shadow and create bifurcated, crescent, and multi-ring shadow features driven by sub-disk discontinuities and outer tilt angle.
Image of a Kerr-Melvin black hole with a thin accretion disk
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Cuspy black hole shadows correspond to swallowtail thermodynamic free energy, with boundary self-intersections marking geometric phase transitions whose critical exponents fall in the mean-field class.
Quintessence black holes produce observer-dependent shadow angular sizes, with infalling observers seeing smaller shadows than static ones, yielding stronger equation-of-state constraints from M87* observations.
Numerical study of thin accretion disk images shows that increasing parity-odd scalar hair on Kerr black holes shrinks and distorts the photon ring and shadow, producing multiple disconnected shadows and chaotic lensing features in strong-hair regimes.
Horizon-scale synchrotron images and polarization maps of Konoplya-Zhidenko black holes with thick disks show expanded photon rings, darker centers, and viewing-angle-dependent asymmetries that vary with the deformation parameter.
Increasing charge Q shrinks photon rings and central shadows in Kerr-Sen black hole images while spin creates brightness asymmetry; polarization patterns follow lensing and frame dragging.
Numerical backward ray-tracing shows that the inner shadow size shrinks with the Gauss-Bonnet coupling while polarization direction near the shadow and photon ring shifts noticeably, and combining both observables yields stronger constraints than either alone.
Rotating Ayón-Beato-García black holes produce smaller and sometimes D-shaped shadows whose size constrains the charge parameter ζ to the range 0.132811M–0.213607M when matched to EHT observations of M87* and Sgr A*.
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Imaging and Polarimetric Signatures of Konoplya-Zhidenko Black Holes with Various Thick Disk
Horizon-scale synchrotron images and polarization maps of Konoplya-Zhidenko black holes with thick disks show expanded photon rings, darker centers, and viewing-angle-dependent asymmetries that vary with the deformation parameter.
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Optical images of Kerr-Sen black hole illuminated by thick accretion disks
Increasing charge Q shrinks photon rings and central shadows in Kerr-Sen black hole images while spin creates brightness asymmetry; polarization patterns follow lensing and frame dragging.