Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
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Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions at the Electroweak Scale and Beyond
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abstract
If there was a first order phase transition in the early universe, there should be an associated stochastic background of gravitational waves. In this paper, we point out that the characteristic frequency of the spectrum due to phase transitions which took place in the temperature range 100 GeV - 10^7 GeV is precisely in the window that will be probed by the second generation of space-based interferometers such as the Big Bang Observer (BBO). Taking into account the astrophysical foreground, we determine the type of phase transitions which could be detected either at LISA, LIGO or BBO, in terms of the amount of supercooling and the duration of the phase transition that are needed. Those two quantities can be calculated for any given effective scalar potential describing the phase transition. In particular, the new models of electroweak symmetry breaking which have been proposed in the last few years typically have a different Higgs potential from the Standard Model. They could lead to a gravitational wave signature in the milli-Hertz frequency, which is precisely the peak sensitivity of LISA. We also show that the signal coming from phase transitions taking place at T ~ 1-100 TeV could entirely screen the relic gravitational wave signal expected from standard inflationary models.
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representative citing papers
PPO reinforcement learning accelerates identification of gravitational wave signals from supercooled phase transitions in a minimal dark U(1)_x sector compared to Monte Carlo sampling.
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.
Phase transitions in dark sectors can generate CMB B-modes with amplitudes competitive with inflation but peaking at smaller angular scales.
Dark sector first-order phase transitions near 10 MeV can substantially modify vector dark matter relic densities away from standard thermal freeze-out predictions, with distinct mass windows and calculable gravitational wave backgrounds.
ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.
The Aligned 2HDM supports strong first-order electroweak phase transitions that yield LISA-detectable gravitational waves together with LHC-accessible signals from additional neutral and charged Higgs states.
Early matter domination with time-dependent decay rates produces multiple first-order phase transitions whose gravitational wave signatures encode the transition and reheating temperatures.
In a B-L conserving SM extension with U(1)_x dark sector, CP-violating Yukawas generate opposite lepton asymmetries in visible and hidden sectors that sphalerons convert to baryon asymmetry, with gauge-independent bubble nucleation yielding stochastic GW spectra valid in supercooled regimes and a参数s
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Supercool with PPO: Exploring Supercooled Phase Transitions via Reinforcement Learning
PPO reinforcement learning accelerates identification of gravitational wave signals from supercooled phase transitions in a minimal dark U(1)_x sector compared to Monte Carlo sampling.
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Electroweak First-Order Phase Transition Triggered by Non-Gaussian Fluctuations of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Symmetric Spectator Scalar
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
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Natural Supercooling and Reheating along Supersymmetric Flat Directions and Observable Gravitational Waves at the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
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CP-violating multi-field phase transitions and gravitational waves in a hidden NJL sector
Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.
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Observable CMB B-modes from Cosmological Phase Transitions
Phase transitions in dark sectors can generate CMB B-modes with amplitudes competitive with inflation but peaking at smaller angular scales.
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Phenomenology of Vector Dark Matter produced by a First Order Phase Transition
Dark sector first-order phase transitions near 10 MeV can substantially modify vector dark matter relic densities away from standard thermal freeze-out predictions, with distinct mass windows and calculable gravitational wave backgrounds.
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Primordial Magnetogenesis and Gravitational Waves from ALP-assisted Phase Transition
ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.
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Electro-Weak Phase Transitions and Collider Signals in the Aligned 2-Higgs Doublet Model
The Aligned 2HDM supports strong first-order electroweak phase transitions that yield LISA-detectable gravitational waves together with LHC-accessible signals from additional neutral and charged Higgs states.
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Gravitational Waves from Multiple First-Order Phase Transitions in a Scenario with Early Matter Domination
Early matter domination with time-dependent decay rates produces multiple first-order phase transitions whose gravitational wave signatures encode the transition and reheating temperatures.
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Gauge-independent Gravitational Waves from Cogenesis in a $B-L$ Conserving Universe
In a B-L conserving SM extension with U(1)_x dark sector, CP-violating Yukawas generate opposite lepton asymmetries in visible and hidden sectors that sphalerons convert to baryon asymmetry, with gauge-independent bubble nucleation yielding stochastic GW spectra valid in supercooled regimes and a参数s
- Exploring Leptogenesis in the Era of First Order Electroweak Phase Transition