Chain-of-thought prompting, by including intermediate reasoning steps in few-shot examples, elicits strong reasoning abilities in large language models on arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic tasks.
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LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications
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abstract
We present LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications. LaMDA is a family of Transformer-based neural language models specialized for dialog, which have up to 137B parameters and are pre-trained on 1.56T words of public dialog data and web text. While model scaling alone can improve quality, it shows less improvements on safety and factual grounding. We demonstrate that fine-tuning with annotated data and enabling the model to consult external knowledge sources can lead to significant improvements towards the two key challenges of safety and factual grounding. The first challenge, safety, involves ensuring that the model's responses are consistent with a set of human values, such as preventing harmful suggestions and unfair bias. We quantify safety using a metric based on an illustrative set of human values, and we find that filtering candidate responses using a LaMDA classifier fine-tuned with a small amount of crowdworker-annotated data offers a promising approach to improving model safety. The second challenge, factual grounding, involves enabling the model to consult external knowledge sources, such as an information retrieval system, a language translator, and a calculator. We quantify factuality using a groundedness metric, and we find that our approach enables the model to generate responses grounded in known sources, rather than responses that merely sound plausible. Finally, we explore the use of LaMDA in the domains of education and content recommendations, and analyze their helpfulness and role consistency.
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- abstract We present LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications. LaMDA is a family of Transformer-based neural language models specialized for dialog, which have up to 137B parameters and are pre-trained on 1.56T words of public dialog data and web text. While model scaling alone can improve quality, it shows less improvements on safety and factual grounding. We demonstrate that fine-tuning with annotated data and enabling the model to consult external knowledge sources can lead to significant improvements towards the two key challenges of safety and factual grounding. The first challenge, safety, i
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citing papers explorer
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Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models
Chain-of-thought prompting, by including intermediate reasoning steps in few-shot examples, elicits strong reasoning abilities in large language models on arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic tasks.
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AgentDojo: A Dynamic Environment to Evaluate Prompt Injection Attacks and Defenses for LLM Agents
AgentDojo introduces an extensible evaluation framework populated with realistic agent tasks and security test cases to measure prompt injection robustness in tool-using LLM agents.
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MusicLM: Generating Music From Text
MusicLM produces coherent multi-minute 24 kHz music from text prompts using hierarchical sequence-to-sequence modeling and outperforms prior systems in quality and text adherence.
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Trustworthiness in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems: A Survey
Introduces Trust-RAG Compass framework and TRC Bench benchmark to assess RAG trustworthiness across factuality, robustness, fairness, transparency, accountability, and privacy, with evaluations showing performance gaps between LLMs.
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Plan-and-Solve Prompting: Improving Zero-Shot Chain-of-Thought Reasoning by Large Language Models
Plan-and-Solve prompting improves zero-shot LLM reasoning by first creating an explicit plan then executing subtasks, outperforming simple 'think step by step' prompts across ten datasets.
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Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding
Speculative decoding accelerates exact sampling from large autoregressive models by 2-3x on T5-XXL by running smaller approximation models in parallel to propose token sequences that the large model then verifies in batches while preserving the original output distribution.
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Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Tasks
PoT prompting improves numerical reasoning by having language models write programs executed by a computer instead of performing calculations in natural language chains of thought, with an average 12% gain over CoT.
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A Generalist Agent
Gato is a multi-modal, multi-task, multi-embodiment generalist policy using one transformer network to handle text, vision, games, and robotics tasks.
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Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning
Flamingo models reach new state-of-the-art few-shot results on image and video tasks by bridging frozen vision and language models with cross-attention layers trained on interleaved web-scale data.
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InCoder: A Generative Model for Code Infilling and Synthesis
InCoder is the first generative model to directly perform zero-shot code infilling via bidirectional context from a masked-then-appended training scheme, matching left-to-right models on synthesis while improving on type inference, comment generation, and variable renaming.
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Socratic Models: Composing Zero-Shot Multimodal Reasoning with Language
Socratic Models compose zero-shot multimodal reasoning by prompting pretrained language and vision models to exchange information and enable new capabilities without finetuning.
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IRIS: Interpolative R\'enyi Iterative Self-play for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning
IRIS unifies self-play fine-tuning under an interpolative Rényi objective with adaptive alpha scheduling and reports better benchmark scores than baselines while surpassing full supervised fine-tuning with only 13% of the annotated data.
-
QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs
QLoRA finetunes 4-bit quantized LLMs via LoRA adapters to match full-precision performance while using far less memory, enabling 65B-scale training on single GPUs and producing Guanaco models near ChatGPT level.
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OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models
OPT releases open decoder-only transformers up to 175B parameters that match GPT-3 performance at one-seventh the carbon cost, along with code and training logs.
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Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances
SayCan combines an LLM's high-level semantic knowledge with robot skill value functions to select only feasible actions, enabling completion of abstract natural-language instructions on a real mobile manipulator.
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Security--Fidelity Tradeoffs: The Hidden Cost of Prompt Injection Defense
Prompt injection defenses create a security-fidelity tradeoff with no model or defense achieving both high security and high fidelity on the SecFid benchmark across 1,168 examples.
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ToxiREX: A Dataset on Toxic REasoning in ConteXt
ToxiREX is a new dataset of 128k Reddit comments in six languages with hierarchical annotations for implicit toxicity in conversational context based on an existing reasoning schema.
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Throughput-Optimized Networks at Scale
TONS uses linear optimization and heuristics to synthesize deadlock-free network topologies and routing for datacenter AI training, reporting 2.1x and 1.6x geometric mean speedups over best TPU torus variants for uniform random and all-to-all traffic in simulation.
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Guaranteed Jailbreaking Defense via Disrupt-and-Rectify Smoothing
DR-Smoothing introduces a disrupt-then-rectify prompt processing scheme into smoothing defenses, delivering tight theoretical bounds on success probability against both token- and prompt-level jailbreaks.
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Disentangled Safety Adapters Enable Efficient Guardrails and Flexible Inference-Time Alignment
Disentangled Safety Adapters decouple safety computations from task-optimized LLMs via lightweight adapters, yielding up to 53% better AUC on safety tasks and dynamic inference-time alignment with reduced performance trade-offs.
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Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learning
SCoRe uses multi-turn online RL with regularization on self-generated traces to improve LLM self-correction, achieving 15.6% and 9.1% gains on MATH and HumanEval for Gemini models.
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Inference Scaling Laws: An Empirical Analysis of Compute-Optimal Inference for Problem-Solving with Language Models
Empirical analysis shows scaling inference compute via strategies like tree search can be more efficient than scaling model parameters, with 7B models plus novel search outperforming 34B models.
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MM1: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Multimodal LLM Pre-training
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Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
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Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics
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Chain-of-Verification Reduces Hallucination in Large Language Models
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The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM: Outperforming Curated Corpora with Web Data, and Web Data Only
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Distilling Step-by-Step! Outperforming Larger Language Models with Less Training Data and Smaller Model Sizes
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CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society
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BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance
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Language Models can Solve Computer Tasks
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ART: Automatic multi-step reasoning and tool-use for large language models
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A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivity
ChatGPT outperforms zero-shot LLMs on most tasks and improves with interaction but scores only 63.41 percent on reasoning categories and generates extrinsic hallucinations from its training data.
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Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Models
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The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning
The Flan Collection demonstrates that task balancing, data enrichment, and mixed prompt training are critical to effective instruction tuning, yielding stronger Flan-T5 models released publicly.
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Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Models
Auto-CoT automatically builds chain-of-thought demonstrations by sampling diverse questions and letting the LLM generate reasoning chains, matching manual CoT performance on ten reasoning tasks with GPT-3.
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Improving alignment of dialogue agents via targeted human judgements
Sparrow uses targeted rule-based human feedback and evidence provision to outperform baselines in preference while violating rules only 8% of the time under adversarial probing.
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Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Models
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Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle
Autoregressive language models trained on data with middle spans relocated to the end learn infilling without degrading left-to-right perplexity or sampling quality.
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Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generation
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Response Time Enhances Alignment with Heterogeneous Preferences
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A Meta Reinforcement Learning Approach to Goals-Based Wealth Management
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CleanBase: Detecting Malicious Documents in RAG Knowledge Databases
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RaTA-Tool: Retrieval-based Tool Selection with Multimodal Large Language Models
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