A Carroll-covariant energy-momentum-news complex at future null infinity yields Ward identities that generalise the Bondi loss equations, with an anomalous Carroll boost.
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We study various aspects of the Carroll limit in which the speed of light is sent to zero. A large part of this paper is devoted to the quantization of Carroll field theories. We show that these exhibit infinite degeneracies in the spectrum and may suffer from non-normalizable ground states. As a consequence, partition functions of Carroll systems are ill-defined and do not lead to sensible thermodynamics. These seemingly pathological properties might actually be a virtue in the context of flat space holography. Better defined is the Carroll $\textit{regime}$, in which we consider the leading order term in an expansion around vanishing speed of light without taking the strict Carroll limit. Such an expansion may lead to sensible notions of Carroll thermodynamics. An interesting example is a gas of massless particles with an imaginary chemical potential conjugate to the momentum. In the Carroll regime we show that the partition function of such a gas leads to an equation of state with $w=-1$. As a separate story, we study aspects of Carroll gravity and couplings to Carrollian energy-momentum tensors. We discuss many examples of solutions to Carroll gravity, including wormholes, Maxwell fields, solutions with a cosmological constant, and discuss the structure of geodesics in a Carroll geometry. The coupling of matter to Carroll gravity also allows us to derive energy-momentum tensors for hypothetical Carroll fluids from expanding relativistic fluids as well as directly from hydrostatic partition functions.
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Planar Carrollian statistical physics is well-defined thanks to central extensions and rotation, yielding logarithmic entropy scaling with disc area and two-dimensional ideal-gas pressure.
Null strings admit two Carroll-Weyl gauge scalings; the standard ILST action arises by fixing one of them, with the residual symmetry matching an overlooked partial gauge symmetry identified in prior work.
A microscopic derivation of Carrollian fluid equations from a statistical mechanics of interacting instantonic branes, plus initial elements of Carrollian thermodynamics.
The NLO/NNLO small-c (Carroll) expansion of GR admits a rich stationary vacuum sector with rotating Lense-Thirring-type, C-metric-type, Hartle-Thorne-type, and higher-multipole solutions, going beyond the static magnetic Carroll truncation.
Free Carrollian quantum field theories admit well-defined vacuum and KMS states via algebraic methods, with massless theories requiring nonregular states whose Hilbert spaces factorize into Fock and nonseparable zero-mode sectors relevant for flat space holography.
Magnetic Carroll supersymmetry descends from a twisted relativistic parent rather than naive contraction, realized in 3D N=2 with vector multiplet action whose conformal extension matches global super-BMS4.
Electric and magnetic Carrollian limits of N=1, D=4 supergravity are obtained by Hamiltonian contraction, yielding ultralocal electric and gradient-retaining magnetic theories with simplified constraint algebras.
New BMS3-invariant 2D scalar theories (electric, magnetic, canonical, coupled) with boundary analysis, flux laws, monodromy matching to 3D gravity, and complementary AdS3/dS3 flat limits.
Derives Carrollian Maxwell theories (magnetic and electric) plus new scalar couplings through deformed light-cone null reduction while keeping first-class Gauss constraint and gauge invariance.
Rotating black holes are constructed in magnetic Carroll gravity, including an intrinsically Carrollian dressed solution and a Kerroll black hole from an odd-power c-expansion of GR, with conserved charges computed.
Carrollian fermionic actions for electric and magnetic sectors are derived from a single Bargmann Dirac action by null reduction, with good and bad fermions as dynamical and constrained modes valid in any dimension.
Carrollian fermion actions are obtained from relativistic Dirac theory via c-expansion and connected to light-cone dynamics through co-dimension one Carroll subalgebras in the Poincaré algebra.
Loop-level Carrollian amplitudes in N=4 SYM and N=8 supergravity are differential operators on tree-level versions, with logarithmic eikonal behavior and IR-safe factorization via natural splitting.
A path integral with asymptotic boundary conditions produces the gravitational S-matrix and derives soft graviton theorems from extended BMS symmetry Ward identities.
Carroll hydrodynamics with spin is obtained as the c→0 limit of relativistic hydrodynamics with spin, extending the description of boost-invariant flows.
Derives heavy-light conformal blocks in 2d C/G CFTs and computes excited-state entanglement entropy via replica trick, finding thermal form that reproduces holographic EE and establishes dictionary between boundary weights and bulk mass/angular momentum.
The paper classifies families of closed bosonic string solutions in the near-horizon non-extremal BTZ spacetime and identifies novel features via string-Carroll expansion.
Establishes a holographic link between bulk gravitational radiation and dissipative corrections plus entropy production in boundary fluids, then constructs Carrollian analogues and celestial observables in the flat limit.
Constructs Carrollian OPEs that govern short-distance behavior, extends representation theory for composites, and classifies 2-, 3-, and 4-point correlators/amplitudes under Carrollian symmetry.
Develops worldsheet sigma model for fundamental strings in critical type IIA limit showing nodal singularities and derives T-duality web unifying decoupling limits including ambitwistor and Carrollian strings.
Late-time Bondi mass aspect at future null infinity acts as a detector for massive radiation, with its in-in correlations relating to weighted sums of scattering cross sections.
Defines post-Carroll algebra allowing central charges in higher dimensions, constructs its conformal extension and the Carroll-Schrödinger algebra matching prior theory, and derives two-point functions in post-Carrollian CFTs with electric/magnetic sectors in 1+1 dimensions.
Bulk local states are built in flat holography via induced representations, with a dual basis resolving 3D bra-ket scaling issues and a tilde basis enabling explicit constructions in higher dimensions that recover the massive propagator.
citing papers explorer
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The Energy-Momentum-News Complex near Future Null Infinity
A Carroll-covariant energy-momentum-news complex at future null infinity yields Ward identities that generalise the Bondi loss equations, with an anomalous Carroll boost.
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Statistical Physics of Planar Carroll Systems
Planar Carrollian statistical physics is well-defined thanks to central extensions and rotation, yielding logarithmic entropy scaling with disc area and two-dimensional ideal-gas pressure.
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Null Strings Gauged and Reloaded, I: Null Strings Have Carroll-Weyl Gauge Symmetry
Null strings admit two Carroll-Weyl gauge scalings; the standard ILST action arises by fixing one of them, with the residual symmetry matching an overlooked partial gauge symmetry identified in prior work.
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Kinetic Theory of Carroll Hydrodynamics
A microscopic derivation of Carrollian fluid equations from a statistical mechanics of interacting instantonic branes, plus initial elements of Carrollian thermodynamics.
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Stationary solutions in the small-$c$ expansion of GR
The NLO/NNLO small-c (Carroll) expansion of GR admits a rich stationary vacuum sector with rotating Lense-Thirring-type, C-metric-type, Hartle-Thorne-type, and higher-multipole solutions, going beyond the static magnetic Carroll truncation.
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Carrollian quantum states and flat space holography
Free Carrollian quantum field theories admit well-defined vacuum and KMS states via algebraic methods, with massless theories requiring nonregular states whose Hilbert spaces factorize into Fock and nonseparable zero-mode sectors relevant for flat space holography.
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A Twisted Origin for Magnetic Carroll Supersymmetry
Magnetic Carroll supersymmetry descends from a twisted relativistic parent rather than naive contraction, realized in 3D N=2 with vector multiplet action whose conformal extension matches global super-BMS4.
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Carroll supergravities
Electric and magnetic Carrollian limits of N=1, D=4 supergravity are obtained by Hamiltonian contraction, yielding ultralocal electric and gradient-retaining magnetic theories with simplified constraint algebras.
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BMS$_3$ invariant field theories
New BMS3-invariant 2D scalar theories (electric, magnetic, canonical, coupled) with boundary analysis, flux laws, monodromy matching to 3D gravity, and complementary AdS3/dS3 flat limits.
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Hamiltonian formulation of Carrollian Maxwell theory in Deformed Light-cone Kaluza-Klein-like Null reduction
Derives Carrollian Maxwell theories (magnetic and electric) plus new scalar couplings through deformed light-cone null reduction while keeping first-class Gauss constraint and gauge invariance.
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Kerroll black holes
Rotating black holes are constructed in magnetic Carroll gravity, including an intrinsically Carrollian dressed solution and a Kerroll black hole from an odd-power c-expansion of GR, with conserved charges computed.
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Carroll fermions from null reduction: A case of good and bad fermions
Carrollian fermionic actions for electric and magnetic sectors are derived from a single Bargmann Dirac action by null reduction, with good and bad fermions as dynamical and constrained modes valid in any dimension.
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Carroll fermions, expansions and the lightcone
Carrollian fermion actions are obtained from relativistic Dirac theory via c-expansion and connected to light-cone dynamics through co-dimension one Carroll subalgebras in the Poincaré algebra.
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On Carrollian Loop Amplitudes for Gauge Theory and Gravity
Loop-level Carrollian amplitudes in N=4 SYM and N=8 supergravity are differential operators on tree-level versions, with logarithmic eikonal behavior and IR-safe factorization via natural splitting.
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The gravitational S-matrix from the path integral: asymptotic symmetries and soft theorems
A path integral with asymptotic boundary conditions produces the gravitational S-matrix and derives soft graviton theorems from extended BMS symmetry Ward identities.
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Carroll hydrodynamics with spin
Carroll hydrodynamics with spin is obtained as the c→0 limit of relativistic hydrodynamics with spin, extending the description of boost-invariant flows.
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Conformal Blocks in 2d Carrollian/Galilean CFTs and Excited State Entanglement Entropy
Derives heavy-light conformal blocks in 2d C/G CFTs and computes excited-state entanglement entropy via replica trick, finding thermal form that reproduces holographic EE and establishes dictionary between boundary weights and bulk mass/angular momentum.
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Strings near BTZ black holes: A Carrollian Chronicle
The paper classifies families of closed bosonic string solutions in the near-horizon non-extremal BTZ spacetime and identifies novel features via string-Carroll expansion.
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Radiation in Fluid/Gravity and the Flat Limit
Establishes a holographic link between bulk gravitational radiation and dissipative corrections plus entropy production in boundary fluids, then constructs Carrollian analogues and celestial observables in the flat limit.
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Operator Product Expansion in Carrollian CFT
Constructs Carrollian OPEs that govern short-distance behavior, extends representation theory for composites, and classifies 2-, 3-, and 4-point correlators/amplitudes under Carrollian symmetry.
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Worldsheet Formalism for Decoupling Limits in String Theory
Develops worldsheet sigma model for fundamental strings in critical type IIA limit showing nodal singularities and derives T-duality web unifying decoupling limits including ambitwistor and Carrollian strings.
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Observing Massive Scattering from Null Infinity
Late-time Bondi mass aspect at future null infinity acts as a detector for massive radiation, with its in-in correlations relating to weighted sums of scattering cross sections.
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Post-Carroll Algebra, Conformal Extensions, and Field Theories
Defines post-Carroll algebra allowing central charges in higher dimensions, constructs its conformal extension and the Carroll-Schrödinger algebra matching prior theory, and derives two-point functions in post-Carrollian CFTs with electric/magnetic sectors in 1+1 dimensions.
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More on Bulk Local State Reconstruction in Flat/Carr CFT
Bulk local states are built in flat holography via induced representations, with a dual basis resolving 3D bra-ket scaling issues and a tilde basis enabling explicit constructions in higher dimensions that recover the massive propagator.
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Aspects of Non-Relativistic Supersymmetric Theories
Discusses features of non-relativistic supersymmetric field theories from Galilean and Carrollian points of view to aid construction of electric and magnetic variants.
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The Carrollian Kaleidoscope
A review summarizing Carrollian symmetries, CCFT constructions, and applications in AFS holography, Carroll hydrodynamics, and condensed matter phenomena such as fractons and flat bands.