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Rebouças, D

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abstract

Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), in combination with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data and Type Ia Supernovae (SN) luminosity distances, suggests a dynamical evolution of the dark energy equation of state with a phantom phase ($w < -1$) in the past when the so-called $w_0w_a$ parametrization $w(a) = w_0 + w_a(1-a)$ is assumed. In this work, we investigate more general dark energy models that also allow a phantom equation of state. We consider three cases: an equation of state with a transition feature, a model-agnostic equation of state with constant values in chosen redshift bins, and a k-essence model. Since the dark energy equation of state is correlated with neutrino masses, we reassess constraints on the neutrino mass sum focusing on the model-agnostic equation of state. We find that the combination of DESI BAO with Planck 2018 CMB data and SN data from Pantheon, Pantheon+, or Union3 is consistent with an oscillatory dark energy equation of state, while a monotonic behavior is preferred by the DESY5 SN data. Performing model comparison techniques, we find that the $w_0w_a$ parametrization remains the simplest dark energy model that can provide a better fit to DESI BAO, CMB, and all SN datasets than $\Lambda$CDM. Constraints on the neutrino mass sum assuming dynamical dark energy are relaxed compared to $\Lambda$CDM and we show that these constraints are tighter in the model-agnostic case relative to $w_0w_a$ model by $70\%-90\%$.

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representative citing papers

Reconstructing dark energy with fewer assumptions

astro-ph.CO · 2026-06-04 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

Bin-wise uncorrelated reconstruction from DESI/SDSS BAO and Pantheon+/Union3.1/DES-Dovekie supernovae yields dark energy density peaking then declining and equation of state oscillating with phantom crossing near z~0.7, consistent across datasets at moderate significance.

Negative neutrino mass or negative dark energy?

astro-ph.CO · 2026-05-20 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

A sign-switching dark energy model (Λ_s CDM) recovers positive effective neutrino masses (0.055 ± 0.050 eV) consistent with oscillation data, unlike ΛCDM which prefers negative values (-0.075 eV), for DESI DR2 + CMB + supernova fits with z_† > 2.4.

Cosmological Viability of Exponential Infrared $f(T)$ Gravity

astro-ph.CO · 2026-06-30 · unverdicted · novelty 4.0

Exponential IR f(T) gravity Model I alleviates Hubble tension but is disfavoured by combined Planck/ACT/SPT+DESI+Pantheon+ data; Model II is ruled out because background constraints force unphysical shifts in CMB parameters.

Neutrino mass constraints in interacting dark energy models after DESI DR2

astro-ph.CO · 2026-06-03 · unverdicted · novelty 4.0

Upper bounds on total neutrino mass in four phenomenological interacting dark energy models are derived from DESI DR2 BAO plus CMB and SNIa data, showing strong dependence on the interaction term form and statistical preference for models that tighten the bound below the oscillation lower limit.

The sound of dynamical dark energy and modified gravity

astro-ph.CO · 2026-05-29 · unverdicted · novelty 4.0

Using CMB, SN, BAO and shear data, the work shows dynamical dark energy in MG models correlates with deviations from GR below z=2 at >95% CL, a link that holds for varying sound speed but vanishes for a cosmological constant.

Updated Cosmological Constraints in Extended Parameter Space with Planck PR4, DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, and Supernovae: Dynamical Dark Energy, Neutrino Masses, Lensing Anomaly, and the Hubble Tension

astro-ph.CO · 2024-09-19 · conditional · novelty 4.0

Extended 12-parameter fits to Planck PR4, DESI BAO, and Pantheon+/DESY5 supernovae find dynamical dark energy not yet robust, an upper bound on neutrino mass sum of 0.3 eV, reduced lensing anomaly, and persistent Hubble tension at 3.2-3.9 sigma.

The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2

astro-ph.CO · 2025-05-30 · unverdicted · novelty 3.0

This review traces the history of dynamical dark energy, presents the no-go theorem against single-field crossing of w = -1, and surveys viable Quintom constructions including multi-field models and modified gravity in light of DESI DR2 hints.

A short review on Quintom dark energy theory

astro-ph.CO · 2026-05-31 · conditional · novelty 2.0

A review arguing that current DESI/DES data favor Quintom-B dark energy, where the equation of state crosses w=-1 from below to above, with applications to bounces and CMB birefringence.

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