Observation of polaronic hybrid states (superpositions of bare atom, NaK dimer, and Na2K trimer) in a 40K impurity in 23Na BEC via RF spectroscopy, captured by a parameter-free three-level model.
Observation of low-lying impurity states in Bose-Einstein condensates
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abstract
Impurities embedded in a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) of 39K atoms are investigated with a pump-probe ejection spectroscopy sequence. The spectroscopic signal exhibits a strong feature corresponding to a Bose polaron in agreement with prior injection spectroscopy and theory. In addition, significant spectral weight at energies well below the energy of the polaron is observed, which is absent in injection spectroscopy. The energy and spectral weight of this signal are measured as a function of interaction strength and evolution time between the pump and probe pulses. We tentatively compare these results to two different theoretical models: a low-energy impurity state dressed by many bosonic excitations and a bipolaron state formed by two polarons due to attractive interactions mediated by the BEC. Such states can exist due to the large compressibility of the weakly interacting BEC. Both theories predict ejection spectra consistent with the low-energy signal, but only the bipolaron model is compatible with its spectral weight. These results indicate that lowenergy states below the usual polaron exist for strong interactions, calling for further experimental investigations
fields
cond-mat.quant-gas 2years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
Finite-range interactions in charged Bose polarons produce a characteristic momentum scale of maximum dressing, non-monotonic damping, and high-momentum scaling Γ_p ~ 1/p, unlike divergent contact-interaction results.
citing papers explorer
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Polaronic hybridization of atoms, dimers and trimers in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Observation of polaronic hybrid states (superpositions of bare atom, NaK dimer, and Na2K trimer) in a 40K impurity in 23Na BEC via RF spectroscopy, captured by a parameter-free three-level model.
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Charged Bose polarons at finite momentum
Finite-range interactions in charged Bose polarons produce a characteristic momentum scale of maximum dressing, non-monotonic damping, and high-momentum scaling Γ_p ~ 1/p, unlike divergent contact-interaction results.