A diffusion-model prior learned from simulations is combined with a differentiable weak-lensing forward model to produce improved 3D dark-matter maps and posterior samples whose statistics track the training simulations.
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JWST difference imaging from COSMOS-Web and PRIMER has yielded 68 high-redshift supernovae including a core-collapse event at z>3 and a Type Ia at z>2, demonstrating the feasibility of wide-area time-domain searches in the early universe.
SN 2025ogs is a spectroscopically normal Type Ia supernova at z=2.05 whose luminosity distance and properties are consistent with low-z standards and current LambdaCDM constraints.
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
UV/optical attenuation underpredicts IR luminosity by 3-10x across 0<z<7 while κ_UV/κ_FIR falls by over an order of magnitude, pointing to evolving dust grain properties in average galaxies.
LAEs at z=2.4-4.5 are smaller and more starbursting than typical SFGs, with Lyα strength correlating negatively with size and positively with Sersic index and recent SFR ratio.
Stacking analysis shows mean SFR in massive galaxies at 2<z<4.5 declines along the Hubble sequence from ~280 M⊙/yr in irregulars to ~80 M⊙/yr in spheroids, with a simple chemical evolution model explaining the rise in dust-to-stellar mass ratio out to z~8.
PASSAGE releases 2183 spectroscopic redshifts (0.08<z<4.7) from JWST NIRISS observations in COSMOS, with strong agreement to photometric redshifts for multi-line sources and a quantified ~18% misidentification rate for single-line emitters.
Observational analysis of COSMOS galaxy groups shows quiescent fraction builds steadily from z~1.5-2 with faster growth in richer groups, first RS ridgeline galaxies by z~2, a possible early overdensity at z=3.4, and no significant evolution in RS slope or scatter.
Simulations show SPHEREx photometry is generally unbiased but source blending drives outliers; with brightness selection, photometric redshifts reach σ_NMAD ≈ 0.003-0.01 and cluster redshifts are recovered to |Δz|/(1+z) < 0.002 at z ≲ 0.5.
Simulations show SHARP/VESPER can measure stellar population gradients out to 2Re in most massive quiescent galaxies at 1.5<z<2.5 with ~20h exposures and reach at least Re at z=3 in ~30h.
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The NIRISS PASSAGE Spectroscopic Redshift Catalog in COSMOS
PASSAGE releases 2183 spectroscopic redshifts (0.08<z<4.7) from JWST NIRISS observations in COSMOS, with strong agreement to photometric redshifts for multi-line sources and a quantified ~18% misidentification rate for single-line emitters.