Discovery and characterization of the highest-redshift barred spiral galaxy candidate at z=5.102, with bar length ~4.5 kpc, stellar mass 10^10.45 solar masses, SFR 144 solar masses per year, and evidence for AGN and interaction.
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L., Walter F., 2013, @doi [ ] 10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140953 , http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ARA\
18 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 979 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
Over the last decade, observations of the cool interstellar medium in distant galaxies via molecular and atomic fine structure line emission has gone from a curious look into a few extreme, rare objects, to a mainstream tool to study galaxy formation, out to the highest redshifts. Molecular gas has now been observed in close to 200 galaxies at z>1, including numerous AGN host-galaxies out to z~7, highly starforming sub-millimeter galaxies (median redshift z~2.5), and increasing samples of 'main-sequence' star forming galaxies at z~1.5-2.5. Studies have moved well beyond simple detections, to dynamical imaging at kpc-scale resolution, and multi-line, multi-species studies that determine the physical conditions in the interstellar medium. Observations of the cool gas are the required complement to studies of the stellar density and star formation history of the Universe, as they reveal the phase of the interstellar medium that immediately precedes star formation. Current observations suggest that the order of magnitude increase in the cosmic star formation rate density from z~0 to 2 is commensurate with a similar increase in the gas to stellar mass ratio in star forming disk galaxies. Progress has been made on determining the CO luminosity to H_2 mass conversion factor at high-z, and the dichotomy between high versus low depletion time values for main sequence versus starburst galaxies, respectively, with a likely dependence on metallicity and other local physical conditions. Studies of atomic fine structure line emission are rapidly progressing, with some tens of galaxies detected in the exceptionally bright [CII] 158 micron line to date. This line is proving to be a unique tracer of galaxy dynamics in the early Universe and has the potential to be the most direct means of obtaining spectroscopic redshifts for the first galaxies during cosmic reionization.
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ALMA and JWST data reveal an extreme ram-pressure stripping event removing most cold gas from a massive galaxy in a z=4.3 protocluster core.
Direct detection of CO(3-2) at z=7.31 in REBELS-25 gives M_mol ~ 10^11 M_sun with f_gas ~0.95, confirming a massive molecular reservoir and showing low-J CO remains detectable in the Epoch of Reionization.
ALMA survey of CO(7-6) and [C I](2-1) in 18 z~6 quasars yields molecular gas mass estimates from multiple tracers and indicates that PDR models cannot fully account for the observed excitation, pointing to additional heating processes.
Clumps in high-redshift spiral galaxies are smaller than commonly reported, spatially concentrated toward spiral arms, smaller but brighter inside arms than between them, with similar colors, suggesting arms stimulate clump formation but do not alter their star formation properties.
Baryonic fraction in certain galaxies correlates with baryonic acceleration as approximately a_bar inverse, placing known dark-matter-deficient galaxies at the high-acceleration extreme and predicting low dark matter content for ultra-diffuse galaxies brighter than 25 mag arcsec^{-2}.
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
Analysis of JWST/NIRSpec Prism spectra for 25 z>=10 galaxies finds burstiness correlates with strong UV lines, short depletion times, and DLA-induced redshift biases of 0.39 and 0.14 with marginal impact on UV luminosity density.
A multiphase ISM grain-size model with low supernova dust yield reproduces observed dust-to-stellar mass ratios and UV luminosity functions at z=7-12 by letting small grains seed rapid metal accretion.
The Big Wheel at z~3 has a stellar-to-halo mass ratio of 0.06, higher than expected, implying efficient stellar assembly without major mergers or instabilities.
New ALMA [C II] and FIR data on PSO J083+11 at z=6.34 reveal ordered rotation, typical star-forming ratios, and no outflow signatures in either galaxy, interpreted as a pre-AGN-feedback accretion phase.
TNG50 shows most massive high-z star-forming galaxies are dynamically hotter than ALMA data indicate, with rare cold discs forming from aligned accretion and evolving into one-third discs and two-thirds early-type galaxies by z=0.
Detection of [NII]205μm and CO lines plus SED analysis in the Red Radio Ring at z=2.55 shows co-spatial ionized and molecular gas, high column density after dust correction, and starburst-powered ISM.
MeerKLASS applies on-the-fly imaging on MeerKAT for a 10,000 sq. deg. UHF-band continuum survey at 14 arcsec resolution and 25 μJy/beam rms, run commensally with HI intensity mapping.
New ALMA observations of NGC 5506 show a thick rotating CND where supernova-driven turbulence supplies vertical support and AGN outflow dissociates CO.
Simulations from COSMOS2020 show masking recovers [CII] above 300 GHz in ideal conditions but noise prevents useful S/N until near the end of 2000-hour observations.
Advocates for SKA frequency coverage beyond 15 GHz to observe redshifted low-J CO, HCN and similar lines for cold molecular gas studies in high-redshift galaxies.
Review of synergies with other telescopes to support SKA-low observations of the cosmic 21-cm signal during reionization and cosmic dawn.
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CO(7-6) and [C I](2-1) survey in z > 6 quasars
ALMA survey of CO(7-6) and [C I](2-1) in 18 z~6 quasars yields molecular gas mass estimates from multiple tracers and indicates that PDR models cannot fully account for the observed excitation, pointing to additional heating processes.