Temperature-dependent axion mass fluctuations in early matter domination source order-unity axion overdensities by equality, yielding two distinct regions in the nonlinear spectrum and estimated minicluster masses.
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MeV-scale reheating temperature and thermalization of oscillating neutrinos by radiative and hadronic decays of massive particles
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abstract
From a theoretical point of view, there is a strong motivation to consider an MeV-scale reheating temperature induced by long-lived massive particles with masses around the weak scale, decaying only through gravitational interaction. In this study, we investigate lower limits on the reheating temperature imposed by big-bang nucleosynthesis assuming both radiative and hadronic decays of such massive particles. For the first time, effects of neutrino self-interactions and oscillations are taken into account in the neutrino thermalization calculations. By requiring consistency between theoretical and observational values of light element abundances, we find that the reheating temperature should conservatively be $T_{\rm RH} \gtrsim 1.8$ MeV in the case of the 100% radiative decay, and $T_{\rm RH} \gtrsim$ 4-5 MeV in the case of the 100% hadronic decays for particle masses in the range of 10 GeV to 100 TeV.
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representative citing papers
Derives analytic relic yields for dark matter production in general reheating scenarios parametrized by equation-of-state ω, cooling index α, interaction scale Λ and temperature power n, organized by two critical temperature exponents.
Freeze-in dark matter produced by kaons in low-reheating cosmologies requires larger couplings at lower reheating temperatures, directly linking the relic density to observable rates in rare kaon decay experiments.
Full numerical N-body treatment is required for reliable gravitational wave predictions from nonspherical collapse in early matter-dominated eras, with resulting spectra mappable to detector sensitivities via horizon mass and reheating temperature.
Pre-inflationary QCD axions form dense stars with densities up to 10^4 eV^4 that contain up to 50% of dark matter after moduli domination.
Large initial baryon asymmetry allows Hubble patches to collapse into primordial neutron stars arrested by nuclear pressure, requiring later entropy dilution to match observed Y_B and BBN.
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
For an exponential quintessence potential, an analytic formula links the current equation-of-state w_φ0 to the potential slope λ while enforcing prior radiation and matter domination, yielding the bound λ < 1.94 at Ω_φ0 = 0.685.
A spectator scalar field with strong portal coupling to the inflaton sources a stochastic gravitational wave background reaching Ω_GW h² ∼ 10^{-11} at frequencies 10^7-10^8 Hz for benchmark parameters σ/λ ≃ 10^4 and T_reh = 2×10^{14} GeV.
A sequential majoron-to-neutrinos decay followed by axion-like particle-to-photons decay can lower primordial lithium without exceeding deuterium limits.
Exponential quintessence with an assumed kination epoch relaxes the dark energy fine-tuning problem by dozens of orders of magnitude relative to a cosmological constant.
Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.
Updated model-independent BBN and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs that incorporate rare decays to light hadrons, show extended constraints for multiple reheating temperatures, and flag parameter space that may alleviate tensions in N_eff and deuterium abundance.
Lattice simulations show that the post-inflationary equation of state with trilinear interactions returns to zero after an initial deviation, substantially lowering stochastic gravitational wave amplitudes relative to prior estimates.
Non-Bunch-Davies initial conditions substantially improve the fit of various single-field slow-roll inflation models to updated n_s-r constraints from ACT DR6 combined with Planck, DESI, and BICEP/Keck data.
A power-law non-canonical kinetic coupling F(φ)=1+Aφ^n revives the Starobinsky inflation potential's consistency with ACT DR6 CMB data while preserving attractor dynamics and yielding viable reheating.
Early matter domination with time-dependent decay rates produces multiple first-order phase transitions whose gravitational wave signatures encode the transition and reheating temperatures.
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
Thermal corrections to reheating and freeze-in DM production rates are generally small in the computable regime but can be large in constructed counter-examples.
Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.
A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.
citing papers explorer
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From Rags to Jeans: Axion Miniclusters from Early matter domination
Temperature-dependent axion mass fluctuations in early matter domination source order-unity axion overdensities by equality, yielding two distinct regions in the nonlinear spectrum and estimated minicluster masses.
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Freeze-in and ultra-relativistic freeze-out during general reheating scenarios
Derives analytic relic yields for dark matter production in general reheating scenarios parametrized by equation-of-state ω, cooling index α, interaction scale Λ and temperature power n, organized by two critical temperature exponents.
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Kaon Portal to Freeze-in Dark Matter
Freeze-in dark matter produced by kaons in low-reheating cosmologies requires larger couplings at lower reheating temperatures, directly linking the relic density to observable rates in rare kaon decay experiments.
-
Gravitational wave emission from nonspherical collapse in an early matter-dominated era using N-body simulations
Full numerical N-body treatment is required for reliable gravitational wave predictions from nonspherical collapse in early matter-dominated eras, with resulting spectra mappable to detector sensitivities via horizon mass and reheating temperature.
-
Pre-inflationary QCD axion stars after moduli domination
Pre-inflationary QCD axions form dense stars with densities up to 10^4 eV^4 that contain up to 50% of dark matter after moduli domination.
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Primordial Neutron Stars
Large initial baryon asymmetry allows Hubble patches to collapse into primordial neutron stars arrested by nuclear pressure, requiring later entropy dilution to match observed Y_B and BBN.
-
Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
-
Exponential Quintessence: Analytic Relationship Between the Current Equation of State Parameter and the Potential Parameter
For an exponential quintessence potential, an analytic formula links the current equation-of-state w_φ0 to the potential slope λ while enforcing prior radiation and matter domination, yielding the bound λ < 1.94 at Ω_φ0 = 0.685.
-
Gravitational Waves from Matter Perturbations of Spectator Scalar Fields
A spectator scalar field with strong portal coupling to the inflaton sources a stochastic gravitational wave background reaching Ω_GW h² ∼ 10^{-11} at frequencies 10^7-10^8 Hz for benchmark parameters σ/λ ≃ 10^4 and T_reh = 2×10^{14} GeV.
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Bipartite Solution to the Lithium Problem
A sequential majoron-to-neutrinos decay followed by axion-like particle-to-photons decay can lower primordial lithium without exceeding deuterium limits.
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Exponential Quintessence Model: Analytical Quantification of the Fine-Tuning Problem in Dark Energy
Exponential quintessence with an assumed kination epoch relaxes the dark energy fine-tuning problem by dozens of orders of magnitude relative to a cosmological constant.
-
Gravitational scalar production with a generic reheating scenario
Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.
-
Nucleosynthesis and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs: a fresh look
Updated model-independent BBN and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs that incorporate rare decays to light hadrons, show extended constraints for multiple reheating temperatures, and flag parameter space that may alleviate tensions in N_eff and deuterium abundance.
-
Equation of state during (p)reheating with trilinear interactions
Lattice simulations show that the post-inflationary equation of state with trilinear interactions returns to zero after an initial deviation, substantially lowering stochastic gravitational wave amplitudes relative to prior estimates.
-
ACT-ing on inflation: Implications of non Bunch-Davies initial condition and reheating on single-field slow roll models
Non-Bunch-Davies initial conditions substantially improve the fit of various single-field slow-roll inflation models to updated n_s-r constraints from ACT DR6 combined with Planck, DESI, and BICEP/Keck data.
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Starobinsky Inflation in k-Essence Framework: Attractor Dynamics, Reheating, and Consistency with ACT DR6
A power-law non-canonical kinetic coupling F(φ)=1+Aφ^n revives the Starobinsky inflation potential's consistency with ACT DR6 CMB data while preserving attractor dynamics and yielding viable reheating.
-
Gravitational Waves from Multiple First-Order Phase Transitions in a Scenario with Early Matter Domination
Early matter domination with time-dependent decay rates produces multiple first-order phase transitions whose gravitational wave signatures encode the transition and reheating temperatures.
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From WIMP to FIMP during reheating: collider vs non-collider probes for p-wave annihilation
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
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Thermal effects on Dark Matter production during cosmic reheating
Thermal corrections to reheating and freeze-in DM production rates are generally small in the computable regime but can be large in constructed counter-examples.
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Probing non-Gaussianity during reheating with SIGW in the LISA band
Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.
-
Scalar induced gravitational waves review
A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.