CO-LMLM externalizes factual knowledge into a vector-indexed text database during pretraining, retrieving via hidden-state queries, achieving higher factuality and lower perplexity than prior LMLMs and standard LMs at 135M–360M scale.
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jina-embeddings-v5-text: Task-Targeted Embedding Distillation
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is method (40%).
19
Pith papers citing it
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40% of classified citations
abstract
Text embedding models are widely used for semantic similarity tasks, including information retrieval, clustering, and classification. General-purpose models are typically trained with single- or multi-stage processes using contrastive loss functions. We introduce a novel training regimen that combines model distillation techniques with task-specific contrastive loss to produce compact, high-performance embedding models. Our findings suggest that this approach is more effective for training small models than purely contrastive or distillation-based training paradigms alone. Benchmark scores for the resulting models, jina-embeddings-v5-text-small and jina-embeddings-v5-text-nano, exceed or match the state-of-the-art for models of similar size. jina-embeddings-v5-text models additionally support long texts (up to 32k tokens) in many languages, and generate embeddings that remain robust under truncation and binary quantization. Model weights are publicly available, hopefully inspiring further advances in embedding model development.
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2026 19representative citing papers
ALEE generates AMR-based English minimal pairs with fine-grained semantic shifts, translates them, and evaluates embedding models on 275+ languages to expose cross-lingual gaps linked to training data and tokenization.
HAKARI-Bench reconstructs 35 benchmarks into 551 tasks across 43 languages, reproducing full MTEB, MMTEB, and BEIR rankings with Spearman correlation above 0.97 while supporting efficiency variant comparisons.
Existing embedding models drop sharply from traditional code search to requirement-driven repository retrieval, while in-domain PR fine-tuning substantially improves Level-2/3 performance on CORE-Bench.
SEA-Embedding is a fully open text embedding pipeline for Southeast Asian languages that achieves state-of-the-art performance on the SEA-BED benchmark by analyzing data composition, training objectives, and base encoder choices.
HTEB introduces dynamic, multi-axis evaluation of text embedding robustness using LLM transformations, finding decoupled profiles across models and that scaling does not close all robustness gaps.
LatentRAG performs agentic RAG by generating latent tokens for thoughts and subqueries in one forward pass, matching explicit methods' accuracy on seven benchmarks while reducing latency by ~90%.
SkillRet benchmark shows fine-tuned retrievers improve NDCG@10 by 13+ points over prior models on large-scale skill retrieval for LLM agents.
KaLM-Reranker-V1 uses encoder–decoder FBNL with Matryoshka pooling to match Qwen3-class reranking quality at substantially lower online cost.
INO is an index-time method that uses the production RAG agent to iteratively create, test with queries and paraphrases, reflect on failures, and revise factual nuggets until they are discoverable and used correctly.
Agentic program search over a frozen encoder API yields retrieval programs that improve nDCG@10 on held-out tasks and unseen encoder families with no per-domain training.
GELATO extends frozen Jina Embeddings v5 text models with locked non-text encoders, training only connectors to produce competitive multimodal embeddings while preserving exact text performance.
MLAIRE is a protocol that evaluates multilingual retrievers on both semantic accuracy and query-language preference using parallel passages and new metrics like LPR and Lang-nDCG, showing that standard metrics hide distinct behavioral differences among retrievers.
A single-pass black-box method models LLM outputs as dynamical systems via Koopman operators to detect hallucinations with claimed state-of-the-art accuracy and lower cost.
A survey that categorizes RIR benchmarks by domain and modality, proposes a taxonomy for integrating reasoning into retrieval pipelines, and outlines key challenges.
LMEB is a new benchmark that evaluates embedding models on long-horizon memory retrieval and shows this skill is largely orthogonal to traditional passage-retrieval performance.
Truncated embeddings from non-MRL models perform comparably to or better than MRL-trained models for most truncation levels, except heavy truncation of 80% or more.
Granite Embedding Multilingual R2 releases 311M and 97M parameter bi-encoder models that achieve state-of-the-art retrieval performance on multilingual text, code, long-document, and reasoning datasets.
citing papers explorer
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Co-LMLM: Continuous-Query Limited Memory Language Models
CO-LMLM externalizes factual knowledge into a vector-indexed text database during pretraining, retrieving via hidden-state queries, achieving higher factuality and lower perplexity than prior LMLMs and standard LMs at 135M–360M scale.
-
ALEE: Any-Language Evaluation of Embeddings via English-Centric Minimal Pairs
ALEE generates AMR-based English minimal pairs with fine-grained semantic shifts, translates them, and evaluates embedding models on 275+ languages to expose cross-lingual gaps linked to training data and tokenization.
-
HAKARI-Bench: A Lightweight Benchmark for Comparing Retrieval Architectures and Efficiency Settings under Unified Conditions
HAKARI-Bench reconstructs 35 benchmarks into 551 tasks across 43 languages, reproducing full MTEB, MMTEB, and BEIR rankings with Spearman correlation above 0.97 while supporting efficiency variant comparisons.
-
CORE-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Code Retrieval in the Era of Agentic Coding
Existing embedding models drop sharply from traditional code search to requirement-driven repository retrieval, while in-domain PR fine-tuning substantially improves Level-2/3 performance on CORE-Bench.
-
SEA-Embedding: Open and Reproducible Text Embeddings for Southeast Asia
SEA-Embedding is a fully open text embedding pipeline for Southeast Asian languages that achieves state-of-the-art performance on the SEA-BED benchmark by analyzing data composition, training objectives, and base encoder choices.
-
The Harder Text Embedding Benchmark (HTEB): Beyond One-dimensional Static Robustness
HTEB introduces dynamic, multi-axis evaluation of text embedding robustness using LLM transformations, finding decoupled profiles across models and that scaling does not close all robustness gaps.
-
LatentRAG: Latent Reasoning and Retrieval for Efficient Agentic RAG
LatentRAG performs agentic RAG by generating latent tokens for thoughts and subqueries in one forward pass, matching explicit methods' accuracy on seven benchmarks while reducing latency by ~90%.
-
SkillRet: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Skill Retrieval in LLM Agents
SkillRet benchmark shows fine-tuned retrievers improve NDCG@10 by 13+ points over prior models on large-scale skill retrieval for LLM agents.
-
KaLM-Reranker-V1: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Reranking
KaLM-Reranker-V1 uses encoder–decoder FBNL with Matryoshka pooling to match Qwen3-class reranking quality at substantially lower online cost.
-
Iterate Until Retrieved: Factual Nugget Optimization for Discoverable Continual Corrections in Agentic RAG
INO is an index-time method that uses the production RAG agent to iteratively create, test with queries and paraphrases, reflect on failures, and revise factual nuggets until they are discoverable and used correctly.
-
Test-Time Compute for Frozen Embedding Models through Agentic Program Search
Agentic program search over a frozen encoder API yields retrieval programs that improve nDCG@10 on held-out tasks and unseen encoder families with no per-domain training.
-
jina-embeddings-v5-omni: Geometry-preserving Embeddings via Locked Aligned Towers
GELATO extends frozen Jina Embeddings v5 text models with locked non-text encoders, training only connectors to produce competitive multimodal embeddings while preserving exact text performance.
-
MLAIRE: Multilingual Language-Aware Information Retrieval Evaluation Protocal
MLAIRE is a protocol that evaluates multilingual retrievers on both semantic accuracy and query-language preference using parallel passages and new metrics like LPR and Lang-nDCG, showing that standard metrics hide distinct behavioral differences among retrievers.
-
Low-Cost Black-Box Detection of LLM Hallucinations via Dynamical System Prediction
A single-pass black-box method models LLM outputs as dynamical systems via Koopman operators to detect hallucinations with claimed state-of-the-art accuracy and lower cost.
-
A Survey of Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Progress and Challenges
A survey that categorizes RIR benchmarks by domain and modality, proposes a taxonomy for integrating reasoning into retrieval pipelines, and outlines key challenges.
-
LMEB: Long-horizon Memory Embedding Benchmark
LMEB is a new benchmark that evaluates embedding models on long-horizon memory retrieval and shows this skill is largely orthogonal to traditional passage-retrieval performance.
-
To MRL or not to MRL: Text Embeddings are Robust to Truncation Without Matryoshka Learning, Except In Heavy Truncation Scenarios
Truncated embeddings from non-MRL models perform comparably to or better than MRL-trained models for most truncation levels, except heavy truncation of 80% or more.
-
Granite Embedding Multilingual R2 Models
Granite Embedding Multilingual R2 releases 311M and 97M parameter bi-encoder models that achieve state-of-the-art retrieval performance on multilingual text, code, long-document, and reasoning datasets.
- One prompt is not enough: Instruction Sensitivity Undermines Embedding Model Evaluation