Exact non-singular black holes from the phantom DBI field evaporate to gram-mass relics, opening a new mass window for primordial black holes as dark matter.
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Asymptotically flat black holes with scalar hair: a review
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We consider the status of black hole solutions with non-trivial scalar fields but no gauge fields, in four dimensional asymptotically flat space-times, reviewing both classical results and recent developments. We start by providing a simple illustration on the physical difference between black holes in electro-vacuum and scalar-vacuum. Next, we review no-scalar-hair theorems. In particular, we detail an influential theorem by Bekenstein and stress three key assumptions: 1) the type of scalar field equation; 2) the spacetime symmetry inheritance by the scalar field; 3) an energy condition. Then, we list regular (on and outside the horizon), asymptotically flat BH solutions with scalar hair, organizing them by the assumption which is violated in each case and distinguishing primary from secondary hair. We provide a table summary of the state of the art.
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A covariant framework reveals non-closed scalar charges with bulk contributions in ESGB black holes that become closed under shift symmetry and interpret spontaneous scalarization via the Smarr formula.
Black holes with synchronized or resonant scalar hair exhibit dynamical splitting in which the horizon is ejected from the bosonic cloud center in the very hairy regime.
Kerr black holes in an EsGB model without linear instability undergo nonlinear scalarization above spin 0.5, existing in a finite low-mass high-spin wedge rather than a narrow band.
Scalar clouds around black holes in mass-varying dark matter halos exist only for quantized scalar-dark matter couplings set by halo parameters such as compactness.
Constructs charged distorted black hole metric via Harrison transformation and analyzes thermodynamics, geodesics, shadow, and quasinormal modes.
Charge-dependent scalarization of EEH black holes yields stable scalarized branches for 0<q<1.115 with positive α and for q>1.115 with negative α.
For cylindrical black strings, NED Lagrangians with a Maxwell weak-field limit cannot produce regular purely electric or dyonic cores; regular magnetic Bardeen/Hayward analogues exist but violate causality near the axis.
Polarization maps of direct images from scalar-hairy Kerr black holes exhibit dephasing in the polarization-vector twist (larger for weakly scalarized cases) and a reversal for vertical magnetic fields at high inclinations.
Scalarization in EMSGB gravity enables free-energy crossings between scalarized and Reissner-Nordström black holes, producing up to three phase transitions whose order changes with coupling strength.
GR coupled to a constrained scalar triplet and auxiliary three-form admits an exact continuous family of asymptotically flat geometrically regular black holes with de Sitter cores and topological hair.
Relativistic metric backreaction from scalar dark matter clouds in EMRIs produces dominant polar gravitational wave corrections for Mμ ≲ 0.12, exceeding axial and scalar radiation channels at small separations.
Global monopoles plus dilaton/axion/Born-Infeld yield regular self-gravitating magnetic monopoles and dyons with positive ADM mass, finite energy and linear exterior EM stability.
Symmetry-transformed electrovacuum spacetimes harbor a hidden semi-infinite annular mass distribution on the equatorial plane visible only in Weyl coordinates.
Nonlinearly scalarized black holes exist in EsGB theory for couplings ζ(φ)=αφ⁴−βφ⁸ and ζ(φ)=αφ⁴−βφ⁶ (but not pure quartic), with instability thresholds for Gaussian pulses and universal probe-limit branches that depend on β when backreaction is included.
Analytical construction of hairy meronic black holes in 4D Einstein-Maxwell-Yang-Mills with conformally coupled scalar, generalizing MTZ and AC solutions via non-Abelian fields and (super-)renormalizable terms.
A constructive algorithm yields NEC-obeying static spherical metrics with g_tt g_rr = -1, including a log-corrected Schwarzschild geometry that can mimic black holes.
Charged qOS black holes undergo Gauss-Bonnet scalarization in two regimes, producing linearly stable scalarized solutions for specific ranges of the action parameter α and coupling λ.
Regular hairy black holes are built via gravitational decoupling by deforming Minkowski vacuum under weak energy condition and well-defined horizon constraints, recovering standard black hole metrics as limits.
Black-hole superradiance extracts energy via the ergoregion and can trigger instabilities with applications to dark matter, beyond-Standard-Model physics, and laboratory analogs.
A scalar-NED coupled black hole metric is reconstructed from an effective geometry, yielding EHT bounds on magnetic charge, Hawking-Page transition, and topological equivalence to the Reissner-Nordström solution.
Machine learning constrains non-commutative black hole parameters and reports consistency with Sgr A* Keck observations.
Boson stars are particle-like solutions in general relativity that model dark matter, black hole mimickers, and binary systems.
citing papers explorer
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Exact, non-singular black holes from a phantom DBI Field as primordial dark matter
Exact non-singular black holes from the phantom DBI field evaporate to gram-mass relics, opening a new mass window for primordial black holes as dark matter.
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Non-closed scalar charge in four-dimensional Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet black hole thermodynamics
A covariant framework reveals non-closed scalar charges with bulk contributions in ESGB black holes that become closed under shift symmetry and interpret spontaneous scalarization via the Smarr formula.
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Splitting the Gravitational Atom: Instabilities of Black Holes with Synchronized or Resonant Hair
Black holes with synchronized or resonant scalar hair exhibit dynamical splitting in which the horizon is ejected from the bosonic cloud center in the very hairy regime.
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Spin-Induced Nonlinear Scalarization of Kerr Black Holes in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Kerr black holes in an EsGB model without linear instability undergo nonlinear scalarization above spin 0.5, existing in a finite low-mass high-spin wedge rather than a narrow band.
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Mass-Varying Dark Matter Induced Scalarization and Scalar Clouds around Black Holes
Scalar clouds around black holes in mass-varying dark matter halos exist only for quantized scalar-dark matter couplings set by halo parameters such as compactness.
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Electrically Charged Distorted Black Holes: Thermodynamics, Particle Dynamics, and Quasinormal Signatures
Constructs charged distorted black hole metric via Harrison transformation and analyzes thermodynamics, geodesics, shadow, and quasinormal modes.
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Charge-dependent scalarization of Einstein- Euler-Heisenberg black holes
Charge-dependent scalarization of EEH black holes yields stable scalarized branches for 0<q<1.115 with positive α and for q>1.115 with negative α.
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On regular black string spacetimes in nonlinear electrodynamics
For cylindrical black strings, NED Lagrangians with a Maxwell weak-field limit cannot produce regular purely electric or dyonic cores; regular magnetic Bardeen/Hayward analogues exist but violate causality near the axis.
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Polarized Equatorial Emission around Kerr Black Holes with Synchronized Scalar Hair. I. Direct images
Polarization maps of direct images from scalar-hairy Kerr black holes exhibit dephasing in the polarization-vector twist (larger for weakly scalarized cases) and a reversal for vertical magnetic fields at high inclinations.
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Thermodynamic Phase Transitions in Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Scalarization in EMSGB gravity enables free-energy crossings between scalarized and Reissner-Nordström black holes, producing up to three phase transitions whose order changes with coupling strength.
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Geometrically Regular Black Holes with Hedgehog Scalar Hair
GR coupled to a constrained scalar triplet and auxiliary three-form admits an exact continuous family of asymptotically flat geometrically regular black holes with de Sitter cores and topological hair.
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Relativistic signatures of scalar dark matter in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
Relativistic metric backreaction from scalar dark matter clouds in EMRIs produces dominant polar gravitational wave corrections for Mμ ≲ 0.12, exceeding axial and scalar radiation channels at small separations.
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Self-Gravitating Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in String-Inspired Models: Structure and Stability
Global monopoles plus dilaton/axion/Born-Infeld yield regular self-gravitating magnetic monopoles and dyons with positive ADM mass, finite energy and linear exterior EM stability.
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Vacuum, ma non troppo: hidden matter distribution in symmetry-transformed electrovacuum spacetimes
Symmetry-transformed electrovacuum spacetimes harbor a hidden semi-infinite annular mass distribution on the equatorial plane visible only in Weyl coordinates.
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Existence of nonlinearly scalarized black holes in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory with polynomial couplings
Nonlinearly scalarized black holes exist in EsGB theory for couplings ζ(φ)=αφ⁴−βφ⁸ and ζ(φ)=αφ⁴−βφ⁶ (but not pure quartic), with instability thresholds for Gaussian pulses and universal probe-limit branches that depend on β when backreaction is included.
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(Super-)renormalizable hairy meronic black holes
Analytical construction of hairy meronic black holes in 4D Einstein-Maxwell-Yang-Mills with conformally coupled scalar, generalizing MTZ and AC solutions via non-Abelian fields and (super-)renormalizable terms.
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Energy conditions in static, spherically symmetric spacetimes and effective geometries
A constructive algorithm yields NEC-obeying static spherical metrics with g_tt g_rr = -1, including a log-corrected Schwarzschild geometry that can mimic black holes.
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Gauss-Bonnet scalarization of charged qOS-black holes
Charged qOS black holes undergo Gauss-Bonnet scalarization in two regimes, producing linearly stable scalarized solutions for specific ranges of the action parameter α and coupling λ.
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Regular hairy black holes through gravitational decoupling method
Regular hairy black holes are built via gravitational decoupling by deforming Minkowski vacuum under weak energy condition and well-defined horizon constraints, recovering standard black hole metrics as limits.
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Superradiance -- the 2020 Edition
Black-hole superradiance extracts energy via the ergoregion and can trigger instabilities with applications to dark matter, beyond-Standard-Model physics, and laboratory analogs.
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Scalar-Electromagnetic Couplings as Source of Deformed Black Hole: From Shadows to Thermodynamic Topology
A scalar-NED coupled black hole metric is reconstructed from an effective geometry, yielding EHT bounds on magnetic charge, Hawking-Page transition, and topological equivalence to the Reissner-Nordström solution.
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Constraining Black Hole Parameters in Non-Commutative Geometry using Machine Learning
Machine learning constrains non-commutative black hole parameters and reports consistency with Sgr A* Keck observations.
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Dynamical Boson Stars
Boson stars are particle-like solutions in general relativity that model dark matter, black hole mimickers, and binary systems.
- Primordial Black Holes: A Review of Formation and Evolution