Young sub-Neptunes transition from core-powered bolometric escape to photoevaporative escape at smaller radii for lower-mass and more irradiated planets, with self-consistent simulations yielding combined mass-loss rates and analytic transition scalings.
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Deep hydrocarbon chemistry and quenching in sub-Neptunes create PAH abundances peaking at 600 K, providing a first-principles explanation for the muted transmission spectra trend between 500-800 K.
TRAPPIST-1 flares follow a single power law N(≥E_TESS) ∝ E_TESS^{-0.753} from 10^{29} to 10^{33} erg after sensitivity corrections and bandpass conversion.
Water-hydrogen demixing occurs on warm sub-Neptunes with envelope metallicities of 150-700 times solar, including TOI-270 d, implying layered interiors and underestimated bulk metallicities when using fully-miscible models.
WASP-96b shows super-solar metallicity of 2-6x stellar, roughly stellar C/O, tentative SO2 consistent with photochemistry, and an optical slope from scattering aerosols, supporting core-accretion formation beyond the water snowline.
Pandora simulations recover stellar photospheric temperatures to ~30 K with no bias and reduce simple spot contamination from 100-1000 ppm to under 10 ppm, but complex spot geometries leave ~1000 ppm residuals.
citing papers explorer
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Characterizing the bolometric-photoevaporative transition in young sub-Neptunes with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations
Young sub-Neptunes transition from core-powered bolometric escape to photoevaporative escape at smaller radii for lower-mass and more irradiated planets, with self-consistent simulations yielding combined mass-loss rates and analytic transition scalings.
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Sub-Neptunes as Soot Factories: Deep Atmosphere Hydrocarbon Formation and Quenching as the Origin of Sub-Neptune Aerosol Trends
Deep hydrocarbon chemistry and quenching in sub-Neptunes create PAH abundances peaking at 600 K, providing a first-principles explanation for the muted transmission spectra trend between 500-800 K.
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A single power law for the TRAPPIST-1 flare distribution across four orders of magnitude in energy
TRAPPIST-1 flares follow a single power law N(≥E_TESS) ∝ E_TESS^{-0.753} from 10^{29} to 10^{33} erg after sensitivity corrections and bandpass conversion.
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A window for water-hydrogen demixing on warm metal-rich sub-Neptunes
Water-hydrogen demixing occurs on warm sub-Neptunes with envelope metallicities of 150-700 times solar, including TOI-270 d, implying layered interiors and underestimated bulk metallicities when using fully-miscible models.
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Super-Solar Metallicity and Tentative Evidence for Photochemistry on WASP-96b from JWST and Ground-Based VLT Transmission Spectroscopy
WASP-96b shows super-solar metallicity of 2-6x stellar, roughly stellar C/O, tentative SO2 consistent with photochemistry, and an optical slope from scattering aerosols, supporting core-accretion formation beyond the water snowline.
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NASA's Pandora SmallSat Mission: Simulating the Impact of Stellar Photospheric Heterogeneity and Its Correction
Pandora simulations recover stellar photospheric temperatures to ~30 K with no bias and reduce simple spot contamination from 100-1000 ppm to under 10 ppm, but complex spot geometries leave ~1000 ppm residuals.