The JWST transmission spectrum of TOI-1231 b shows strong CH4 detection and moderate CO2 evidence, consistent with a deep H2-rich atmosphere and no distinct surface.
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13 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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JWST NIRISS/SOSS data yield a transmission spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c showing H2O absorption and an atmospheric metallicity of 14.8^{+56}_{-12} times solar, lower than mature planets of similar mass.
Young sub-Neptunes transition from core-powered bolometric escape to photoevaporative escape at smaller radii for lower-mass and more irradiated planets, with self-consistent simulations yielding combined mass-loss rates and analytic transition scalings.
Deep hydrocarbon chemistry and quenching in sub-Neptunes create PAH abundances peaking at 600 K, providing a first-principles explanation for the muted transmission spectra trend between 500-800 K.
A data-driven model for periodic ADC integral nonlinearity in JWST/NIRISS is fitted to ramp residuals and applied to correct the ERS1366 WASP-39b transmission spectrum, reducing systematics at the 30ppm level.
Water- and metal-rich atmospheres on compact hot mini-Neptunes lose mass more slowly than H/He cases at high enrichment levels due to enhanced cooling and higher mean molecular weight.
TRAPPIST-1 flares follow a single power law N(≥E_TESS) ∝ E_TESS^{-0.753} from 10^{29} to 10^{33} erg after sensitivity corrections and bandpass conversion.
Water-hydrogen demixing occurs on warm sub-Neptunes with envelope metallicities of 150-700 times solar, including TOI-270 d, implying layered interiors and underestimated bulk metallicities when using fully-miscible models.
Water-rich formation produces CH4- and CO2-rich atmospheres while water-poor formation produces carbon-depleted ones, with soot boosting methane; the H2O/CH4-MMW plane diagnoses formation environment for JWST targets.
A simulated 2.5-year multi-band photometric survey is projected to detect ~100 young transiting planets, sufficient to measure their occurrence rate to 5% precision and differentiate gas-dwarf versus water-world formation scenarios.
WASP-96b shows super-solar metallicity of 2-6x stellar, roughly stellar C/O, tentative SO2 consistent with photochemistry, and an optical slope from scattering aerosols, supporting core-accretion formation beyond the water snowline.
Pandora simulations recover stellar photospheric temperatures to ~30 K with no bias and reduce simple spot contamination from 100-1000 ppm to under 10 ppm, but complex spot geometries leave ~1000 ppm residuals.
Proposes a two-generation Nautilus observatory program using time-series spectroscopy of transiting systems and stellar monitoring to benchmark models of stellar photospheric heterogeneities for exoplanet transmission spectroscopy.
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A single power law for the TRAPPIST-1 flare distribution across four orders of magnitude in energy
TRAPPIST-1 flares follow a single power law N(≥E_TESS) ∝ E_TESS^{-0.753} from 10^{29} to 10^{33} erg after sensitivity corrections and bandpass conversion.