2D disc simulations with vertical volatile transport produce stable CO snow surface equilibria and eliminate limit-cycle behavior seen in 1D models.
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9 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Older Upper Scorpius disks show reduced molecular emission and hints of higher inner-gas C/O ratios than young disks, indicating chemical evolution consistent with pebble drift.
Observations of the HK Tau binary with JWST reveal gas-phase molecular lines in the low-inclination primary and ice absorption features in the edge-on secondary, enabled by their differing inclinations.
JWST observations of Sz 65 and Sz 66 reveal higher cold-to-hot water ratios in the secondary disk, attributed to its unstructured dust disk enabling efficient pebble drift across the snow line.
High-contrast imaging with PACO and REXPACO reveals a new candidate companion at ~14 au and a tightly wound H-alpha spiral in the inner disk of HD 142527, suggesting ongoing companion-disk interactions.
Accretion increases observable water mass in disks by expanding the emitting area via higher central luminosity, while viscous heating has no effect.
Updated DALI models reproduce observed C2H2 fluxes with solar C/O and find the C2H2/H2O flux ratio sensitive to elemental abundances and small-grain abundance in planet-forming disk regions.
SKA will detect emission from heavy molecules and prebiotic species in obscured disk regions to constrain initial chemical conditions for planet formation.
Reviews direct imaging of protoplanets and proposes deriving observational estimates of planet mass-to-radius ratio to test formation models, highlighting ELT capabilities.
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