CDM migrates distribution matching distillation to continuous time via dynamic random-length schedules and active off-trajectory latent alignment, yielding competitive few-step image fidelity on SD3 and Longcat-Image.
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ELLA: Equip Diffusion Models with LLM for Enhanced Semantic Alignment
Baseline reference. 74% of citing Pith papers use this work as a benchmark or comparison.
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Pith papers citing it
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abstract
Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in the domain of text-to-image generation. However, most widely used models still employ CLIP as their text encoder, which constrains their ability to comprehend dense prompts, encompassing multiple objects, detailed attributes, complex relationships, long-text alignment, etc. In this paper, we introduce an Efficient Large Language Model Adapter, termed ELLA, which equips text-to-image diffusion models with powerful Large Language Models (LLM) to enhance text alignment without training of either U-Net or LLM. To seamlessly bridge two pre-trained models, we investigate a range of semantic alignment connector designs and propose a novel module, the Timestep-Aware Semantic Connector (TSC), which dynamically extracts timestep-dependent conditions from LLM. Our approach adapts semantic features at different stages of the denoising process, assisting diffusion models in interpreting lengthy and intricate prompts over sampling timesteps. Additionally, ELLA can be readily incorporated with community models and tools to improve their prompt-following capabilities. To assess text-to-image models in dense prompt following, we introduce Dense Prompt Graph Benchmark (DPG-Bench), a challenging benchmark consisting of 1K dense prompts. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of ELLA in dense prompt following compared to state-of-the-art methods, particularly in multiple object compositions involving diverse attributes and relationships.
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- abstract Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in the domain of text-to-image generation. However, most widely used models still employ CLIP as their text encoder, which constrains their ability to comprehend dense prompts, encompassing multiple objects, detailed attributes, complex relationships, long-text alignment, etc. In this paper, we introduce an Efficient Large Language Model Adapter, termed ELLA, which equips text-to-image diffusion models with powerful Large Language Models (LLM) to enhance text alignment without training of either U-Net or LLM. To seamlessly bridge two pr
co-cited works
representative citing papers
HeadKV compresses KV cache for autoregressive image generation via head-aware budget allocation, early head-type identification from consistent patterns, and stratified token eviction.
ExtraVAR enables resolution extrapolation in visual autoregressive models by stage-aware RoPE remapping and entropy-driven attention scaling, suppressing repetition and detail loss.
NTM models each generative reverse step as a conditional normalizing flow with a hybrid shallow-deep architecture, enabling exact-likelihood training and strong four-step sampling performance on text-to-image tasks.
LENS shapes low-frequency eigen noise with a lightweight network to enable efficient, high-quality sampling in distilled diffusion models.
PRISM lets pre-trained text-to-image models handle long prompts by breaking them into compositional parts, predicting noise separately, and merging outputs via energy-based conjunction, matching fine-tuned models while generalizing better to prompts over 500 tokens.
1.x-Distill achieves better quality and diversity than prior few-step distillation methods at 1.67 and 1.74 effective NFEs on SD3 models with up to 33x speedup.
AIA loss teaches unified multimodal models task-specific cross-modal attention patterns to reduce conflicts between image understanding and generation without architecture decoupling.
MetaQueries act as an efficient bridge allowing multimodal LLMs to augment diffusion-based image generation and editing without complex training or unfreezing the LLM backbone.
PiD is a pixel diffusion decoder that performs latent-to-pixel conversion and 4-8x upsampling in one generative step, enabling early stopping of latent diffusion and achieving sub-second 2048x2048 decoding with claimed better fidelity than cascaded baselines.
Lance presents a dual-stream mixture-of-experts model with modality-aware positional encoding and staged multi-task training that outperforms prior open-source unified models on image and video generation while keeping strong understanding performance.
RAE v2 reaches gFID 1.06 on ImageNet-256 in 80 epochs by combining multi-layer encoder sums, complementary REPA targets, and free guidance via output reparameterization.
LatentUMM proposes dual latent alignment at modality and capacity levels plus latent dynamics stabilization to reduce semantic drift and improve consistency in unified multimodal models.
Proposes HT-GRPO with sketch-then-paint staged updates, prompt-conditioned importance ratios, and hierarchical credit assignment for dMLLMs, reporting gains on GenEval and DPG plus quality metrics.
ElasticDiT introduces an elastic DiT architecture with adjustable spatial compression and block depth plus Shift Sparse Block Attention and a distilled VAE to enable a single model to cover multiple fidelity-latency points for high-resolution image generation on mobile devices.
InsightTok improves text and face fidelity in discrete image tokenization via content-aware perceptual losses, with gains transferring to autoregressive generation.
L2P repurposes pre-trained LDMs for direct pixel generation via large-patch tokenization and shallow-layer training on synthetic data, matching source performance with 8-GPU training and enabling native 4K output.
A pixel-space Diffusion Transformer with Unified Transformer architecture unifies image generation, editing, and personalization in an end-to-end model that maps all inputs to a shared token space and scales from 8B to over 200B parameters.
Auto-Rubric as Reward externalizes VLM preferences into structured rubrics and applies Rubric Policy Optimization to create more reliable binary rewards for multimodal generation, outperforming pairwise models on text-to-image and editing benchmarks.
STARFlow2 presents an autoregressive flow-based architecture for unified multimodal text-image generation by interleaving a VLM stream with a TarFlow stream via residual skips and a unified latent space.
DynT2I-Eval creates fresh prompts via dimension decomposition and dynamic sampling to evaluate text-to-image models on text alignment, quality, and aesthetics while maintaining a stable leaderboard.
Outlier tokens in DiTs are addressed with Dual-Stage Registers, which reduce artifacts and improve image generation on ImageNet and text-to-image tasks.
SpatialFusion internalizes 3D geometric awareness into unified image generation models by pairing an MLLM with a spatial transformer that produces depth maps to constrain diffusion generation.
Refinement via Regeneration (RvR) reformulates image refinement in unified multimodal models as conditional regeneration using prompt and semantic tokens from the initial image, yielding higher alignment scores than editing-based methods.
citing papers explorer
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Continuous-Time Distribution Matching for Few-Step Diffusion Distillation
CDM migrates distribution matching distillation to continuous time via dynamic random-length schedules and active off-trajectory latent alignment, yielding competitive few-step image fidelity on SD3 and Longcat-Image.
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Head-Aware Key-Value Compression for Efficient Autoregressive Image Generation
HeadKV compresses KV cache for autoregressive image generation via head-aware budget allocation, early head-type identification from consistent patterns, and stratified token eviction.
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ExtraVAR: Stage-Aware RoPE Remapping for Resolution Extrapolation in Visual Autoregressive Models
ExtraVAR enables resolution extrapolation in visual autoregressive models by stage-aware RoPE remapping and entropy-driven attention scaling, suppressing repetition and detail loss.
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Normalizing Trajectory Models
NTM models each generative reverse step as a conditional normalizing flow with a hybrid shallow-deep architecture, enabling exact-likelihood training and strong four-step sampling performance on text-to-image tasks.
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LENS: Low-Frequency Eigen Noise Shaping for Efficient Diffusion Sampling
LENS shapes low-frequency eigen noise with a lightweight network to enable efficient, high-quality sampling in distilled diffusion models.
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Long-Text-to-Image Generation via Compositional Prompt Decomposition
PRISM lets pre-trained text-to-image models handle long prompts by breaking them into compositional parts, predicting noise separately, and merging outputs via energy-based conjunction, matching fine-tuned models while generalizing better to prompts over 500 tokens.
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1.x-Distill: Breaking the Diversity, Quality, and Efficiency Barrier in Distribution Matching Distillation
1.x-Distill achieves better quality and diversity than prior few-step distillation methods at 1.67 and 1.74 effective NFEs on SD3 models with up to 33x speedup.
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AIA: Rethinking Architecture Decoupling Strategy In Unified Multimodal Model
AIA loss teaches unified multimodal models task-specific cross-modal attention patterns to reduce conflicts between image understanding and generation without architecture decoupling.
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Transfer between Modalities with MetaQueries
MetaQueries act as an efficient bridge allowing multimodal LLMs to augment diffusion-based image generation and editing without complex training or unfreezing the LLM backbone.
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PiD: Fast and High-Resolution Latent Decoding with Pixel Diffusion
PiD is a pixel diffusion decoder that performs latent-to-pixel conversion and 4-8x upsampling in one generative step, enabling early stopping of latent diffusion and achieving sub-second 2048x2048 decoding with claimed better fidelity than cascaded baselines.
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Lance: Unified Multimodal Modeling by Multi-Task Synergy
Lance presents a dual-stream mixture-of-experts model with modality-aware positional encoding and staged multi-task training that outperforms prior open-source unified models on image and video generation while keeping strong understanding performance.
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Improved Baselines with Representation Autoencoders
RAE v2 reaches gFID 1.06 on ImageNet-256 in 80 epochs by combining multi-layer encoder sums, complementary REPA targets, and free guidance via output reparameterization.
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LatentUMM: Dual Latent Alignment for Unified Multimodal Models
LatentUMM proposes dual latent alignment at modality and capacity levels plus latent dynamics stabilization to reduce semantic drift and improve consistency in unified multimodal models.
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Sketch Then Paint: Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Multi-Modal Large Language Models
Proposes HT-GRPO with sketch-then-paint staged updates, prompt-conditioned importance ratios, and hierarchical credit assignment for dMLLMs, reporting gains on GenEval and DPG plus quality metrics.
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ElasticDiT: Efficient Diffusion Transformers via Elastic Architecture and Sparse Attention for High-Resolution Image Generation on Mobile Devices
ElasticDiT introduces an elastic DiT architecture with adjustable spatial compression and block depth plus Shift Sparse Block Attention and a distilled VAE to enable a single model to cover multiple fidelity-latency points for high-resolution image generation on mobile devices.
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InsightTok: Improving Text and Face Fidelity in Discrete Tokenization for Autoregressive Image Generation
InsightTok improves text and face fidelity in discrete image tokenization via content-aware perceptual losses, with gains transferring to autoregressive generation.
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L2P: Unlocking Latent Potential for Pixel Generation
L2P repurposes pre-trained LDMs for direct pixel generation via large-patch tokenization and shallow-layer training on synthetic data, matching source performance with 8-GPU training and enabling native 4K output.
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HiDream-O1-Image: A Natively Unified Image Generative Foundation Model with Pixel-level Unified Transformer
A pixel-space Diffusion Transformer with Unified Transformer architecture unifies image generation, editing, and personalization in an end-to-end model that maps all inputs to a shared token space and scales from 8B to over 200B parameters.
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Auto-Rubric as Reward: From Implicit Preferences to Explicit Multimodal Generative Criteria
Auto-Rubric as Reward externalizes VLM preferences into structured rubrics and applies Rubric Policy Optimization to create more reliable binary rewards for multimodal generation, outperforming pairwise models on text-to-image and editing benchmarks.
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STARFlow2: Bridging Language Models and Normalizing Flows for Unified Multimodal Generation
STARFlow2 presents an autoregressive flow-based architecture for unified multimodal text-image generation by interleaving a VLM stream with a TarFlow stream via residual skips and a unified latent space.
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DynT2I-Eval: A Dynamic Evaluation Framework for Text-to-Image Models
DynT2I-Eval creates fresh prompts via dimension decomposition and dynamic sampling to evaluate text-to-image models on text alignment, quality, and aesthetics while maintaining a stable leaderboard.
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Taming Outlier Tokens in Diffusion Transformers
Outlier tokens in DiTs are addressed with Dual-Stage Registers, which reduce artifacts and improve image generation on ImageNet and text-to-image tasks.
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SpatialFusion: Endowing Unified Image Generation with Intrinsic 3D Geometric Awareness
SpatialFusion internalizes 3D geometric awareness into unified image generation models by pairing an MLLM with a spatial transformer that produces depth maps to constrain diffusion generation.
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Refinement via Regeneration: Enlarging Modification Space Boosts Image Refinement in Unified Multimodal Models
Refinement via Regeneration (RvR) reformulates image refinement in unified multimodal models as conditional regeneration using prompt and semantic tokens from the initial image, yielding higher alignment scores than editing-based methods.
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The Thinking Pixel: Recursive Sparse Reasoning in Multimodal Diffusion Latents
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ViPO: Visual Preference Optimization at Scale
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Tuna-2: Pixel Embeddings Beat Vision Encoders for Multimodal Understanding and Generation
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LLaDA2.0-Uni: Unifying Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Diffusion Large Language Model
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Extending One-Step Image Generation from Class Labels to Text via Discriminative Text Representation
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Self-Adversarial One Step Generation via Condition Shifting
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Nucleus-Image: Sparse MoE for Image Generation
A 17B-parameter sparse MoE diffusion transformer activates 2B parameters per pass and reaches competitive quality on image generation benchmarks without post-training.
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Continuous Adversarial Flow Models
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TorchUMM: A Unified Multimodal Model Codebase for Evaluation, Analysis, and Post-training
TorchUMM is the first unified codebase and benchmark suite for multimodal understanding, generation, and editing across varied UMM models and datasets.
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PixelDiT: Pixel Diffusion Transformers for Image Generation
PixelDiT generates images in pixel space with a dual-level transformer and reaches 1.61 FID on ImageNet 256, outperforming prior pixel-space models.
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DeCo: Frequency-Decoupled Pixel Diffusion for End-to-End Image Generation
DeCo decouples high- and low-frequency generation in pixel diffusion via a DiT plus lightweight decoder and a frequency-aware flow-matching loss, reaching FID 1.62 at 256x256 and 2.22 at 512x512 on ImageNet while closing the gap to latent diffusion methods.
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Emu3.5: Native Multimodal Models are World Learners
Emu3.5 is a native multimodal world model pre-trained on over 10 trillion vision-language tokens with next-token prediction, post-trained via reinforcement learning, and accelerated by Discrete Diffusion Adaptation for efficient interleaved generation and world exploration.
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VFM-VAE: Vision Foundation Models Can Be Good Tokenizers for Latent Diffusion Models
VFM-VAE uses a frozen VFM directly as LDM tokenizer via a custom decoder, reaching gFID 2.22 in 80 epochs and 1.62 after 640 epochs.
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Autoregressive Video Generation without Vector Quantization
NOVA reformulates video generation as non-quantized autoregressive frame-by-frame temporal prediction combined with set-by-set spatial prediction, outperforming prior AR video models and some diffusion models in efficiency and quality.
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SANA: Efficient High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Linear Diffusion Transformers
Sana-0.6B produces high-resolution images with strong text alignment at 20x smaller size and 100x higher throughput than Flux-12B by combining 32x image compression, linear DiT blocks, and a decoder-only LLM text encoder.
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Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Need
Emu3 shows that next-token prediction on a unified discrete token space for text, images, and video lets a single transformer outperform task-specific models such as SDXL and LLaVA-1.6 in multimodal generation and perception.
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MONET: A Massive, Open, Non-redundant and Enriched Text-to-image dataset
MONET is an open 104.9M image-text pair dataset created via safety filtering, deduplication, and multi-VLM recaptioning from 2.9B raw pairs, validated by training a competitive 4B-parameter latent diffusion model.
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WinTok: A Win-Win Hybrid Tokenizer via Decomposing Visual Understanding and Generation with Transferable Tokens
WinTok is a hybrid visual tokenizer that supplements pixel tokens with learnable semantic tokens distilled asymmetrically from foundation models to improve reconstruction, understanding, and generation.
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SenseNova-U1: Unifying Multimodal Understanding and Generation with NEO-unify Architecture
SenseNova-U1 presents native unified multimodal models that match top understanding VLMs while delivering strong performance in image generation, infographics, and interleaved tasks via the NEO-unify architecture.
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Steering Visual Generation in Unified Multimodal Models with Understanding Supervision
Using understanding tasks as direct supervision during post-training improves image generation and editing in unified multimodal models.
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Visual Generation in the New Era: An Evolution from Atomic Mapping to Agentic World Modeling
Visual generation models are evolving from passive renderers to interactive agentic world modelers, but current systems lack spatial reasoning, temporal consistency, and causal understanding, with evaluations overemphasizing perceptual quality.
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Context Unrolling in Omni Models
Omni is a multimodal model whose native training on diverse data types enables context unrolling, allowing explicit reasoning across modalities to better approximate shared knowledge and improve downstream performance.
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Free Lunch for Unified Multimodal Models: Enhancing Generation via Reflective Rectification with Inherent Understanding
UniRect-CoT is a training-free rectification chain-of-thought framework that treats diffusion denoising as visual reasoning and uses the model's inherent understanding to align and correct intermediate generation results.
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LongCat-Image Technical Report
LongCat-Image delivers a compact 6B-parameter bilingual image generation model that sets new standards for Chinese character rendering accuracy and photorealism while remaining efficient and fully open-source.
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OmniGen2: Towards Instruction-Aligned Multimodal Generation
OmniGen2 introduces a unified generative model with two distinct decoding pathways and a decoupled image tokenizer that achieves competitive results on text-to-image and editing benchmarks plus state-of-the-art consistency among open-source models on the new OmniContext benchmark.
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BLIP3-o: A Family of Fully Open Unified Multimodal Models-Architecture, Training and Dataset
BLIP3-o uses a diffusion transformer to generate CLIP image features and a sequential pretraining strategy to build open models that perform strongly on both image understanding and generation benchmarks.