EditMGT applies masked generative transformers with attention consolidation and region-hold sampling to deliver state-of-the-art localized image editing at 6x the speed of diffusion methods.
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Step1X-Edit: A Practical Framework for General Image Editing
Baseline reference. 65% of citing Pith papers use this work as a benchmark or comparison.
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Pith papers citing it
Baseline
65% of classified citations
abstract
In recent years, image editing models have witnessed remarkable and rapid development. The recent unveiling of cutting-edge multimodal models such as GPT-4o and Gemini2 Flash has introduced highly promising image editing capabilities. These models demonstrate an impressive aptitude for fulfilling a vast majority of user-driven editing requirements, marking a significant advancement in the field of image manipulation. However, there is still a large gap between the open-source algorithm with these closed-source models. Thus, in this paper, we aim to release a state-of-the-art image editing model, called Step1X-Edit, which can provide comparable performance against the closed-source models like GPT-4o and Gemini2 Flash. More specifically, we adopt the Multimodal LLM to process the reference image and the user's editing instruction. A latent embedding has been extracted and integrated with a diffusion image decoder to obtain the target image. To train the model, we build a data generation pipeline to produce a high-quality dataset. For evaluation, we develop the GEdit-Bench, a novel benchmark rooted in real-world user instructions. Experimental results on GEdit-Bench demonstrate that Step1X-Edit outperforms existing open-source baselines by a substantial margin and approaches the performance of leading proprietary models, thereby making significant contributions to the field of image editing.
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- abstract In recent years, image editing models have witnessed remarkable and rapid development. The recent unveiling of cutting-edge multimodal models such as GPT-4o and Gemini2 Flash has introduced highly promising image editing capabilities. These models demonstrate an impressive aptitude for fulfilling a vast majority of user-driven editing requirements, marking a significant advancement in the field of image manipulation. However, there is still a large gap between the open-source algorithm with these closed-source models. Thus, in this paper, we aim to release a state-of-the-art image editing mode
co-cited works
representative citing papers
VINS-120K supplies the first large-scale set of instruction-image-edited-image triplets at ultra-high resolution together with an adaptation strategy that improves detail synthesis.
Uni-Edit introduces a data synthesis pipeline turning VQA data into reasoning-intensive editing instructions, enabling single-task tuning that boosts all three capabilities in models like BAGEL and Janus-Pro.
A planner-orchestrator system learns long-horizon image editing by maximizing outcome-based rewards from a vision-language judge and refining plans from successful trajectories.
Edit-Compass and EditReward-Compass are new unified benchmarks for fine-grained image editing evaluation and realistic reward modeling in reinforcement learning optimization.
Inline Critic uses a learnable token to critique and steer a frozen image-editing model's intermediate layers during generation, delivering state-of-the-art results on GEdit-Bench, RISEBench, and KRIS-Bench.
Invisible hints such as logos embedded in images are re-rendered by diffusion models during text-guided editing, enabling phishing and model-poisoning attacks with average success rates of 44.4% and 32.2%.
EditRefiner uses a perception-reasoning-action-evaluation agent loop and the EditFHF-15K human feedback dataset to refine text-guided image edits more accurately than prior methods.
FlowDIS uses flow matching to transport image distributions to mask distributions, optionally conditioned on text, and outperforms prior DIS methods by 5.5% on F_beta^omega and 43% on MAE.
MULTITEXTEDIT benchmark reveals that all tested text-in-image editing models show pronounced degradation on non-English languages, especially Hebrew and Arabic, mainly in text accuracy and script fidelity.
SpecEdit accelerates diffusion-based image editing up to 10x by using a low-resolution draft to identify edit-relevant tokens via semantic discrepancies for selective high-resolution denoising.
A co-trained adapter framework enables mask-free local editing in DiTs by factorizing edit semantics from spatial location and jointly learning a mask predictor.
HP-Edit introduces a post-training framework and RealPref-50K dataset that uses a VLM-based HP-Scorer to align diffusion image editing models with human preferences, improving outputs on Qwen-Image-Edit-2509.
UniGeo unifies geometric guidance across three levels in video models to reduce geometric drift and improve consistency in camera-controllable image editing.
UniEditBench unifies image and video editing evaluation with a nine-plus-eight operation taxonomy and cost-effective 4B/8B distilled MLLM evaluators that align with human judgments.
AIM-Bench is the first dedicated benchmark for editing images to evoke specific emotions with fine-grained control, paired with AIM-40k dataset that delivers a 9.15% performance gain by correcting training data imbalances.
RefineAnything is a multimodal diffusion model using Focus-and-Refine crop-and-resize with blended paste-back to achieve high-fidelity local image refinement and near-perfect background preservation.
Dress-ED is the first large-scale benchmark unifying virtual try-on, try-off, and text-guided garment editing with 146k verified samples plus a multimodal diffusion baseline.
DLEBench is the first benchmark for small-scale object editing in instruction-based image editing models, using 1889 samples, seven instruction types, and a dual-mode evaluation protocol to reveal performance gaps in 10 tested models.
LASAGNA produces layered images with integrated visual effects in a single pass, enabling drift-free edits via alpha compositing while releasing a 48K dataset and a 242-sample benchmark.
InstructMoLE replaces per-token routing with instruction-guided global routing for mixture-of-low-rank-experts in diffusion transformers and adds an output-space orthogonality loss to improve multi-conditional image generation.
Omni-Attribute is a new open-vocabulary image attribute encoder trained on semantically linked pairs with dual objectives to produce disentangled representations for personalization and compositional generation.
ICEdit achieves state-of-the-art instructional image editing in Diffusion Transformers via in-context generation, requiring only 0.1% of prior training data and 1% trainable parameters.
AesFormer decouples aesthetic planning from image editing via AesThinker and AesEditor to enable structural reconstruction in photos for better aesthetics.
citing papers explorer
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Masked Generative Transformer Is What You Need for Image Editing
EditMGT applies masked generative transformers with attention consolidation and region-hold sampling to deliver state-of-the-art localized image editing at 6x the speed of diffusion methods.
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VINS-120K: Ultra High-Resolution Image Editing with A Large-Scale Dataset
VINS-120K supplies the first large-scale set of instruction-image-edited-image triplets at ultra-high resolution together with an adaptation strategy that improves detail synthesis.
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Uni-Edit: Intelligent Editing Is A General Task For Unified Model Tuning
Uni-Edit introduces a data synthesis pipeline turning VQA data into reasoning-intensive editing instructions, enabling single-task tuning that boosts all three capabilities in models like BAGEL and Janus-Pro.
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From Plans to Pixels: Learning to Plan and Orchestrate for Open-Ended Image Editing
A planner-orchestrator system learns long-horizon image editing by maximizing outcome-based rewards from a vision-language judge and refining plans from successful trajectories.
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Edit-Compass & EditReward-Compass: A Unified Benchmark for Image Editing and Reward Modeling
Edit-Compass and EditReward-Compass are new unified benchmarks for fine-grained image editing evaluation and realistic reward modeling in reinforcement learning optimization.
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Inline Critic Steers Image Editing
Inline Critic uses a learnable token to critique and steer a frozen image-editing model's intermediate layers during generation, delivering state-of-the-art results on GEdit-Bench, RISEBench, and KRIS-Bench.
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Generate "Normal", Edit Poisoned: Branding Injection via Hint Embedding in Image Editing
Invisible hints such as logos embedded in images are re-rendered by diffusion models during text-guided editing, enabling phishing and model-poisoning attacks with average success rates of 44.4% and 32.2%.
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EditRefiner: A Human-Aligned Agentic Framework for Image Editing Refinement
EditRefiner uses a perception-reasoning-action-evaluation agent loop and the EditFHF-15K human feedback dataset to refine text-guided image edits more accurately than prior methods.
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FlowDIS: Language-Guided Dichotomous Image Segmentation with Flow Matching
FlowDIS uses flow matching to transport image distributions to mask distributions, optionally conditioned on text, and outperforms prior DIS methods by 5.5% on F_beta^omega and 43% on MAE.
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MULTITEXTEDIT: Benchmarking Cross-Lingual Degradation in Text-in-Image Editing
MULTITEXTEDIT benchmark reveals that all tested text-in-image editing models show pronounced degradation on non-English languages, especially Hebrew and Arabic, mainly in text accuracy and script fidelity.
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SpecEdit: Training-Free Acceleration for Diffusion based Image Editing via Semantic Locking
SpecEdit accelerates diffusion-based image editing up to 10x by using a low-resolution draft to identify edit-relevant tokens via semantic discrepancies for selective high-resolution denoising.
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Edit Where You Mean: Region-Aware Adapter Injection for Mask-Free Local Image Editing
A co-trained adapter framework enables mask-free local editing in DiTs by factorizing edit semantics from spatial location and jointly learning a mask predictor.
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HP-Edit: A Human-Preference Post-Training Framework for Image Editing
HP-Edit introduces a post-training framework and RealPref-50K dataset that uses a VLM-based HP-Scorer to align diffusion image editing models with human preferences, improving outputs on Qwen-Image-Edit-2509.
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UniGeo: Unifying Geometric Guidance for Camera-Controllable Image Editing via Video Models
UniGeo unifies geometric guidance across three levels in video models to reduce geometric drift and improve consistency in camera-controllable image editing.
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UniEditBench: A Unified and Cost-Effective Benchmark for Image and Video Editing via Distilled MLLMs
UniEditBench unifies image and video editing evaluation with a nine-plus-eight operation taxonomy and cost-effective 4B/8B distilled MLLM evaluators that align with human judgments.
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AIM-Bench: Benchmarking and Improving Affective Image Manipulation via Fine-Grained Hierarchical Control
AIM-Bench is the first dedicated benchmark for editing images to evoke specific emotions with fine-grained control, paired with AIM-40k dataset that delivers a 9.15% performance gain by correcting training data imbalances.
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RefineAnything: Multimodal Region-Specific Refinement for Perfect Local Details
RefineAnything is a multimodal diffusion model using Focus-and-Refine crop-and-resize with blended paste-back to achieve high-fidelity local image refinement and near-perfect background preservation.
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Dress-ED: Instruction-Guided Editing for Virtual Try-On and Try-Off
Dress-ED is the first large-scale benchmark unifying virtual try-on, try-off, and text-guided garment editing with 146k verified samples plus a multimodal diffusion baseline.
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DLEBench: Evaluating Small-scale Object Editing Ability for Instruction-based Image Editing Model
DLEBench is the first benchmark for small-scale object editing in instruction-based image editing models, using 1889 samples, seven instruction types, and a dual-mode evaluation protocol to reveal performance gaps in 10 tested models.
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A Unified and Controllable Framework for Layered Image Generation with Visual Effects
LASAGNA produces layered images with integrated visual effects in a single pass, enabling drift-free edits via alpha compositing while releasing a 48K dataset and a 242-sample benchmark.
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InstructMoLE: Instruction-Guided Mixture of Low-rank Experts for Multi-Conditional Image Generation
InstructMoLE replaces per-token routing with instruction-guided global routing for mixture-of-low-rank-experts in diffusion transformers and adds an output-space orthogonality loss to improve multi-conditional image generation.
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Omni-Attribute: Open-vocabulary Attribute Encoder for Visual Concept Personalization
Omni-Attribute is a new open-vocabulary image attribute encoder trained on semantically linked pairs with dual objectives to produce disentangled representations for personalization and compositional generation.
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In-Context Edit: Enabling Instructional Image Editing with In-Context Generation in Large Scale Diffusion Transformer
ICEdit achieves state-of-the-art instructional image editing in Diffusion Transformers via in-context generation, requiring only 0.1% of prior training data and 1% trainable parameters.
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AesFormer: Transform Everyday Photos into Beautiful Memories
AesFormer decouples aesthetic planning from image editing via AesThinker and AesEditor to enable structural reconstruction in photos for better aesthetics.
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TextSculptor: Training and Benchmarking Scene Text Editing
TextSculptor supplies an automated data synthesis pipeline yielding 3.2M samples plus a four-task benchmark that raises open-source scene text editing performance.
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Semantic Generative Tuning for Unified Multimodal Models
Semantic Generative Tuning uses image segmentation as a generative proxy to align misaligned representation spaces in unified multimodal models and improve both perception and generative layout fidelity.
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Lance: Unified Multimodal Modeling by Multi-Task Synergy
Lance presents a dual-stream mixture-of-experts model with modality-aware positional encoding and staged multi-task training that outperforms prior open-source unified models on image and video generation while keeping strong understanding performance.
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Early Semantic Grounding in Image Editing Models for Zero-Shot Referring Image Segmentation
Pretrained instruction-based image editing models exhibit early foreground-background separability that enables a training-free framework for zero-shot referring image segmentation using a single denoising step.
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G$^2$TR: Generation-Guided Visual Token Reduction for Separate-Encoder Unified Multimodal Models
G²TR reduces visual tokens and prefill compute by 1.94x in separate-encoder UMMs via generation-guided importance from VAE latent consistency, balanced selection, and merging, while preserving reasoning accuracy and editing quality.
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UniCustom: Unified Visual Conditioning for Multi-Reference Image Generation
A unified visual conditioning approach fuses semantic and appearance features before VLM processing, with two-stage training and slot-wise regularization, to improve consistency in multi-reference image generation.
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GeoR-Bench: Evaluating Geoscience Visual Reasoning
GeoR-Bench shows top multimodal models reach only 42.7% strict accuracy on geoscience visual reasoning tasks while open-source models reach 10.3%, with outputs often visually plausible yet scientifically inaccurate.
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HiDream-O1-Image: A Natively Unified Image Generative Foundation Model with Pixel-level Unified Transformer
A pixel-space Diffusion Transformer with Unified Transformer architecture unifies image generation, editing, and personalization in an end-to-end model that maps all inputs to a shared token space and scales from 8B to over 200B parameters.
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Auto-Rubric as Reward: From Implicit Preferences to Explicit Multimodal Generative Criteria
Auto-Rubric as Reward externalizes VLM preferences into structured rubrics and applies Rubric Policy Optimization to create more reliable binary rewards for multimodal generation, outperforming pairwise models on text-to-image and editing benchmarks.
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MooD: Perception-Enhanced Efficient Affective Image Editing via Continuous Valence-Arousal Modeling
MooD introduces continuous valence-arousal modeling with VA-aware retrieval and perception-enhanced guidance for efficient, controllable affective image editing, plus a new AffectSet dataset.
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Leveraging Verifier-Based Reinforcement Learning in Image Editing
Edit-R1 builds a CoT-based reasoning reward model (RRM) via SFT and GCPO, then applies it with GRPO to improve image editing models such as FLUX.1-kontext.
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SpatialFusion: Endowing Unified Image Generation with Intrinsic 3D Geometric Awareness
SpatialFusion internalizes 3D geometric awareness into unified image generation models by pairing an MLLM with a spatial transformer that produces depth maps to constrain diffusion generation.
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DDA-Thinker: Decoupled Dual-Atomic Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning-Driven Image Editing
DDA-Thinker decouples planning from generation and applies dual-atomic RL with checklist-based rewards to boost reasoning in image editing, yielding competitive results on RISE-Bench and KRIS-Bench.
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Meta-CoT: Enhancing Granularity and Generalization in Image Editing
Meta-CoT uses two-level decomposition of editing operations into meta-tasks and a CoT consistency reward to improve granularity and generalization, reporting 15.8% gains across 21 tasks.
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MeshLAM: Feed-Forward One-Shot Animatable Textured Mesh Avatar Reconstruction
MeshLAM reconstructs high-fidelity animatable textured mesh head avatars from a single image via a feed-forward dual shape-texture architecture with iterative GRU decoding and reprojection-based guidance.
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LLaDA2.0-Uni: Unifying Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Diffusion Large Language Model
LLaDA2.0-Uni unifies multimodal understanding and generation inside one discrete diffusion large language model with a semantic tokenizer, MoE backbone, and diffusion decoder.
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Rethinking Where to Edit: Task-Aware Localization for Instruction-Based Image Editing
Task-aware localization via attention cues and feature centroids from source/target streams in IIE models improves non-edit consistency while preserving instruction following.
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LIVE: Leveraging Image Manipulation Priors for Instruction-based Video Editing
LIVE achieves state-of-the-art instruction-based video editing by jointly training on image and video data with a frame-wise token noise strategy to bridge domain gaps and a new benchmark of over 60 tasks.
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TorchUMM: A Unified Multimodal Model Codebase for Evaluation, Analysis, and Post-training
TorchUMM is the first unified codebase and benchmark suite for multimodal understanding, generation, and editing across varied UMM models and datasets.
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InsEdit: Towards Instruction-based Visual Editing via Data-Efficient Video Diffusion Models Adaptation
InsEdit adapts a video diffusion backbone for text-instruction video editing via Mutual Context Attention, achieving SOTA open-source results with O(100K) data while also supporting image editing.
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SpatialEdit: Benchmarking Fine-Grained Image Spatial Editing
SpatialEdit provides a benchmark, large synthetic dataset, and baseline model for precise object and camera spatial manipulations in images, with the model beating priors on spatial editing.
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Emu3.5: Native Multimodal Models are World Learners
Emu3.5 is a native multimodal world model pre-trained on over 10 trillion vision-language tokens with next-token prediction, post-trained via reinforcement learning, and accelerated by Discrete Diffusion Adaptation for efficient interleaved generation and world exploration.
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EditVerse: Unifying Image and Video Editing and Generation with In-Context Learning
EditVerse unifies image and video editing and generation in one transformer model via unified token sequences and in-context learning, trained jointly on curated video editing data plus image/video corpora and evaluated on a new instruction-based benchmark.
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FLUX.1 Kontext: Flow Matching for In-Context Image Generation and Editing in Latent Space
FLUX.1 Kontext unifies image generation and editing via flow matching and sequence concatenation, delivering improved multi-turn consistency and speed on the new KontextBench benchmark.
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ImgEdit: A Unified Image Editing Dataset and Benchmark
ImgEdit supplies 1.2 million curated edit pairs and a three-part benchmark that let a VLM-based model outperform prior open-source editors on adherence, quality, and detail preservation.
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Edit-GRPO: A Locality-Preserving Policy Optimization Framework for Image Editing
Edit-GRPO decouples editing and preservation objectives via region-specific signals in a policy optimization framework to improve locality in image editing tasks.