The paper presents RoboAbstention, a new benchmark showing frontier VLMs and embodied planners abstain on only 16.5-39% of 6,069 instructions grounded in robotics images, with prompting interventions raising rates to 88-93% but not solving the problem.
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Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report
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abstract
We introduce Qwen2.5-VL, the latest flagship model of Qwen vision-language series, which demonstrates significant advancements in both foundational capabilities and innovative functionalities. Qwen2.5-VL achieves a major leap forward in understanding and interacting with the world through enhanced visual recognition, precise object localization, robust document parsing, and long-video comprehension. A standout feature of Qwen2.5-VL is its ability to localize objects using bounding boxes or points accurately. It provides robust structured data extraction from invoices, forms, and tables, as well as detailed analysis of charts, diagrams, and layouts. To handle complex inputs, Qwen2.5-VL introduces dynamic resolution processing and absolute time encoding, enabling it to process images of varying sizes and videos of extended durations (up to hours) with second-level event localization. This allows the model to natively perceive spatial scales and temporal dynamics without relying on traditional normalization techniques. By training a native dynamic-resolution Vision Transformer (ViT) from scratch and incorporating Window Attention, we reduce computational overhead while maintaining native resolution. As a result, Qwen2.5-VL excels not only in static image and document understanding but also as an interactive visual agent capable of reasoning, tool usage, and task execution in real-world scenarios such as operating computers and mobile devices. Qwen2.5-VL is available in three sizes, addressing diverse use cases from edge AI to high-performance computing. The flagship Qwen2.5-VL-72B model matches state-of-the-art models like GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, particularly excelling in document and diagram understanding. Additionally, Qwen2.5-VL maintains robust linguistic performance, preserving the core language competencies of the Qwen2.5 LLM.
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- abstract We introduce Qwen2.5-VL, the latest flagship model of Qwen vision-language series, which demonstrates significant advancements in both foundational capabilities and innovative functionalities. Qwen2.5-VL achieves a major leap forward in understanding and interacting with the world through enhanced visual recognition, precise object localization, robust document parsing, and long-video comprehension. A standout feature of Qwen2.5-VL is its ability to localize objects using bounding boxes or points accurately. It provides robust structured data extraction from invoices, forms, and tables, as wel
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representative citing papers
MI-CXR is a new benchmark that shows state-of-the-art vision-language models achieve only 29.3% accuracy on longitudinal reasoning tasks across multi-visit chest X-ray sequences.
A multi-view transformer predicts dense perspective fields that feed a geometric optimizer to estimate camera intrinsics and gravity from arbitrary numbers of real-world views.
An MLLM-guided architecture with a mixture of frequency experts and relational alignment loss achieves state-of-the-art all-in-one image restoration, outperforming prior methods by up to 1.35 dB on the CDD11 dataset.
M³Att poisons medical multimodal RAG by pairing covert textual misinformation with query-agnostic visual perturbations that increase retrieval of the bad content, causing LLMs to generate clinically plausible but incorrect responses.
DeepTumorVQA is a new stage-wise 3D CT VQA benchmark showing that quantitative measurement is the main failure point for current medical VLMs and that tool augmentation substantially improves later reasoning stages.
Flame3D enables zero-shot compositional 3D scene reasoning by representing scenes as editable visual-textual memories exposed to agentic MLLMs through composable and synthesizable spatial tools.
RuleSafe-VL creates 2,166 rule-conditioned cases from 93 atomic rules and 92 relations across three policy families to diagnose where VLMs fail at rule-based content moderation reasoning.
MedHorizon benchmark reveals current multimodal LLMs achieve only 41.1% accuracy on long medical videos due to failures in sparse evidence retrieval and procedural reasoning.
EgoSound is a new benchmark with 7315 QA pairs across seven tasks to evaluate egocentric sound understanding in multimodal large language models.
VLRS-Bench is the first benchmark dedicated to complex vision-language reasoning in remote sensing, with 2000 QA pairs across 14 tasks in cognition, decision, and prediction dimensions.
Cornfigurator is the first automated deployment planner for generic any-to-any multimodal models that explores the full range of colocation-to-disaggregation strategies and delivers 1.12x to 6.32x higher goodput than existing systems or expert plans.
ToG-Bench is the first benchmark for task-oriented spatio-temporal video grounding in egocentric videos, with explicit-implicit dual grounding and one-to-many object scenarios across 100 ScanNet clips and 2704 instructions.
FLEX is the first large-scale multimodal multiview dataset for fitness AQA, featuring RGB, 3D pose, sEMG and physiological data plus a Fitness Knowledge Graph for structured annotations and a VideoQA benchmark.
Introduces Latent Adversarial Robustification and Rank-Constrained Subspace Learning to enable robust generalization in multimodal knowledge editing through adversarial subspace alignment.
VINS-120K supplies the first large-scale set of instruction-image-edited-image triplets at ultra-high resolution together with an adaptation strategy that improves detail synthesis.
A reinforcement-learned vision-language agent adaptively selects and fuses monocular depth experts per sample for better performance across camera geometries.
Introduces CaST-Bench, a dataset of 2,066 causal questions on 1,015 videos with annotated causal chains and metrics to evaluate VLMs on spatio-temporal causal reasoning.
CoMoGen generates controllable interactive video from mask sequences and images by encoding masks into MMDiT via MaskAdapter and LoRA on motion layers, claiming SOTA motion fidelity.
Video-LLMs exhibit directional motion blindness from a direction binding gap; DeltaDirect projector objective lifts synthetic accuracy to 85.4% and real accuracy by 21.9 points while preserving other video capabilities.
ST-SimDiff is a training-free method using a spatio-temporal graph and dual similarity-difference selection to compress video tokens for MLLMs while retaining static and dynamic content.
SDGBiasBench reveals intrinsic SDG biases in VLMs driven by priors rather than evidence, and CADE mitigates them with up to 25% accuracy gains and 12-point MAE reductions.
Seizure-Semiology-Suite provides a new clinically annotated video dataset and hierarchical benchmark that exposes weaknesses in current MLLMs for seizure semiology and demonstrates gains from fine-tuning and a neuro-symbolic classifier reaching 0.96 F1.
The Token Replacement Test shows VLMs keep most accuracy gains even after corrupting or replacing continuous thought token content, indicating the tokens are not used as information bottlenecks.
citing papers explorer
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The Yes-Man Syndrome: Benchmarking Abstention in Embodied Robotic Agents
The paper presents RoboAbstention, a new benchmark showing frontier VLMs and embodied planners abstain on only 16.5-39% of 6,069 instructions grounded in robotics images, with prompting interventions raising rates to 88-93% but not solving the problem.
-
MI-CXR: A Benchmark for Longitudinal Reasoning over Multi-Interval Chest X-rays
MI-CXR is a new benchmark that shows state-of-the-art vision-language models achieve only 29.3% accuracy on longitudinal reasoning tasks across multi-visit chest X-ray sequences.
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CalibAnyView: Beyond Single-View Camera Calibration in the Wild
A multi-view transformer predicts dense perspective fields that feed a geometric optimizer to estimate camera intrinsics and gravity from arbitrary numbers of real-world views.
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Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models for All-in-One Image Restoration via a Mixture of Frequency Experts
An MLLM-guided architecture with a mixture of frequency experts and relational alignment loss achieves state-of-the-art all-in-one image restoration, outperforming prior methods by up to 1.35 dB on the CDD11 dataset.
-
Knowledge Poisoning Attacks on Medical Multi-Modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation
M³Att poisons medical multimodal RAG by pairing covert textual misinformation with query-agnostic visual perturbations that increase retrieval of the bad content, causing LLMs to generate clinically plausible but incorrect responses.
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DeepTumorVQA: A Hierarchical 3D CT Benchmark for Stage-Wise Evaluation of Medical VLMs and Tool-Augmented Agents
DeepTumorVQA is a new stage-wise 3D CT VQA benchmark showing that quantitative measurement is the main failure point for current medical VLMs and that tool augmentation substantially improves later reasoning stages.
-
Flame3D: Zero-shot Compositional Reasoning of 3D Scenes with Agentic Language Models
Flame3D enables zero-shot compositional 3D scene reasoning by representing scenes as editable visual-textual memories exposed to agentic MLLMs through composable and synthesizable spatial tools.
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RuleSafe-VL: Evaluating Rule-Conditioned Decision Reasoning in Vision-Language Content Moderation
RuleSafe-VL creates 2,166 rule-conditioned cases from 93 atomic rules and 92 relations across three policy families to diagnose where VLMs fail at rule-based content moderation reasoning.
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MedHorizon: Towards Long-context Medical Video Understanding in the Wild
MedHorizon benchmark reveals current multimodal LLMs achieve only 41.1% accuracy on long medical videos due to failures in sparse evidence retrieval and procedural reasoning.
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EgoSound: Benchmarking Sound Understanding in Egocentric Videos
EgoSound is a new benchmark with 7315 QA pairs across seven tasks to evaluate egocentric sound understanding in multimodal large language models.
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VLRS-Bench: A Vision-Language Reasoning Benchmark for Remote Sensing
VLRS-Bench is the first benchmark dedicated to complex vision-language reasoning in remote sensing, with 2000 QA pairs across 14 tasks in cognition, decision, and prediction dimensions.
-
Cornfigurator: Automated Planning for Any-to-Any Multimodal Model Serving
Cornfigurator is the first automated deployment planner for generic any-to-any multimodal models that explores the full range of colocation-to-disaggregation strategies and delivers 1.12x to 6.32x higher goodput than existing systems or expert plans.
-
ToG-Bench: Task-Oriented Spatio-Temporal Grounding in Egocentric Videos
ToG-Bench is the first benchmark for task-oriented spatio-temporal video grounding in egocentric videos, with explicit-implicit dual grounding and one-to-many object scenarios across 100 ScanNet clips and 2704 instructions.
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FLEX: A Largescale Multimodal, Multiview Dataset for Learning Structured Representations for Fitness Action Quality Assessment
FLEX is the first large-scale multimodal multiview dataset for fitness AQA, featuring RGB, 3D pose, sEMG and physiological data plus a Fitness Knowledge Graph for structured annotations and a VideoQA benchmark.
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Beyond Binary Edits Robust Multimodal Knowledge Editing with Adversarial Subspace Alignment
Introduces Latent Adversarial Robustification and Rank-Constrained Subspace Learning to enable robust generalization in multimodal knowledge editing through adversarial subspace alignment.
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VINS-120K: Ultra High-Resolution Image Editing with A Large-Scale Dataset
VINS-120K supplies the first large-scale set of instruction-image-edited-image triplets at ultra-high resolution together with an adaptation strategy that improves detail synthesis.
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DepthAgent: Towards Better Universal Depth Estimation via Sample-wise Expert Selection
A reinforcement-learned vision-language agent adaptively selects and fuses monocular depth experts per sample for better performance across camera geometries.
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CaST-Bench: Benchmarking Causal Chain-Grounded Spatio-Temporal Reasoning for Video Question Answering
Introduces CaST-Bench, a dataset of 2,066 causal questions on 1,015 videos with annotated causal chains and metrics to evaluate VLMs on spatio-temporal causal reasoning.
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CoMoGen: COntrollable MOtion Dynamics and Interactions with Mask-Guided Video GENeration
CoMoGen generates controllable interactive video from mask sequences and images by encoding masks into MMDiT via MaskAdapter and LoRA on motion layers, claiming SOTA motion fidelity.
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Which Way Did It Move? Diagnosing and Overcoming Directional Motion Blindness in Video-LLMs
Video-LLMs exhibit directional motion blindness from a direction binding gap; DeltaDirect projector objective lifts synthetic accuracy to 85.4% and real accuracy by 21.9 points while preserving other video capabilities.
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ST-SimDiff: Balancing Spatiotemporal Similarity and Difference for Efficient Video Understanding with MLLMs
ST-SimDiff is a training-free method using a spatio-temporal graph and dual similarity-difference selection to compress video tokens for MLLMs while retaining static and dynamic content.
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SDGBiasBench: Benchmarking and Mitigating Vision--Language Models' Biases in Sustainable Development Goals
SDGBiasBench reveals intrinsic SDG biases in VLMs driven by priors rather than evidence, and CADE mitigates them with up to 25% accuracy gains and 12-point MAE reductions.
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Seizure-Semiology-Suite (S3): A Clinically Multimodal Dataset, Benchmark, and Models for Seizure Semiology Understanding
Seizure-Semiology-Suite provides a new clinically annotated video dataset and hierarchical benchmark that exposes weaknesses in current MLLMs for seizure semiology and demonstrates gains from fine-tuning and a neuro-symbolic classifier reaching 0.96 F1.
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Ablate-to-Validate: Are Vision-Language Models Really Using Continuous Thought Tokens?
The Token Replacement Test shows VLMs keep most accuracy gains even after corrupting or replacing continuous thought token content, indicating the tokens are not used as information bottlenecks.
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Uni-Edit: Intelligent Editing Is A General Task For Unified Model Tuning
Uni-Edit introduces a data synthesis pipeline turning VQA data into reasoning-intensive editing instructions, enabling single-task tuning that boosts all three capabilities in models like BAGEL and Janus-Pro.
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iTryOn: Mastering Interactive Video Virtual Try-On with Spatial-Semantic Guidance
iTryOn is a video diffusion Transformer that injects spatial 3D hand guidance and semantic action captions to enable interactive garment replacement in videos.
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ArPoMeme: An Annotated Arabic Multimodal Dataset for Political Ideology and Polarization
ArPoMeme is a new annotated multimodal dataset of Arabic political memes collected via Facebook scraping and vision-language model text extraction, then manually labeled for ideology and polarization aspects.
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What Semantics Survive the Connector? Diagnosing VLM-to-DiT Alignment in Video Editing
VLM-to-DiT alignment in video editing models acts as a semantic bottleneck that degrades fine-grained structural semantics, demonstrated via a new diagnostic dataset and protocol on relation-based edits.
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Draw2Think: Harnessing Geometry Reasoning through Constraint Engine Interaction
Draw2Think recasts geometric reasoning as agentic interaction with a constraint engine, achieving 95.9% predicate-level construction fidelity and up to 16.4% accuracy gains on solid geometry tasks.
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ConceptSeg-R1: Segment Any Concept via Meta-Reinforcement Learning
ConceptSeg-R1 uses Meta-GRPO meta-RL to learn transferable rules from visual demonstrations and apply them via concept translation for generalized concept segmentation across CI, CD, and CR levels.
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CaMo: Camera Motion Grounded Evaluation and Training for Vision-Language Models
Proposes Spatial Narrative Score (SNS) evaluation for VLMs' camera motion understanding and introduces CaMo model achieving consistent performance on SNS and direct QA.
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WildRoadBench: A Wild Aerial Road-Damage Grounding Benchmark for Vision-Language Models and Autonomous Agents
WildRoadBench provides a professionally annotated UAV corpus and dual-track protocol showing frontier VLMs and LLM agents achieve limited performance on wild aerial road-damage grounding under unified metrics.
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Are Tools Always Beneficial? Learning to Invoke Tools Adaptively for Dual-Mode Multimodal LLM Reasoning
AutoTool uses reinforcement learning with dual-mode rewards to train multimodal LLMs to adaptively choose between tool-assisted and text-centric reasoning, yielding accuracy and efficiency gains on V* and POPE benchmarks.
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MCNav: Memory-Aware Dynamic Cognitive Map for Zero-shot Goal-oriented Navigation
MCNav builds a dynamic cognitive map with goal re-validation and missed-goal re-exploration to reach state-of-the-art results on instance-level zero-shot navigation in HM3D environments.
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Vision Harnessing Agent for Open Ad-hoc Segmentation
VASA is a vision-guided agent for open ad-hoc segmentation that creates and validates masks through planning, tool use, and error recovery, outperforming baselines on the new PARS benchmark and RefCOCOm.
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LMM-Track4D: Eliciting 4D Dynamic Reasoning in LMMs via Trajectory-Grounded Dialogue
LMM-Track4D formulates a trajectory-grounded dialogue task, releases Track4D-Bench with 526 samples, and proposes RTGE encoding, TRK state token, and OSK-RA decoder to elicit better 4D spatiotemporal reasoning in LMMs.
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EgoExoMem: Cross-View Memory Reasoning over Synchronized Egocentric and Exocentric Videos
EgoExoMem is the first benchmark for cross-view memory reasoning on synchronized egocentric-exocentric videos, where E2-Select raises MLLM accuracy from 55.3% to 58.2% over baselines.
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Dexora: Open-source VLA for High-DoF Bimanual Dexterity
Dexora is the first open-source VLA system for dual-arm dual-hand high-DoF manipulation, trained on 100K simulated and 10K real teleoperated trajectories with a discriminator-weighted diffusion policy, achieving 66.7% dexterous success versus 51.7% for baselines.
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Seeing Together: Multi-Robot Cooperative Egocentric Spatial Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Models
SP-CoR is a multimodal LLM framework using dynamics-aware sampling, spectral-physics view fusion, and prompt distillation that outperforms baselines on the new CoopSR benchmark and EgoTeam dataset for multi-robot cooperative spatial reasoning.
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PluRule: A Benchmark for Moderating Pluralistic Communities on Social Media
PluRule is a new multimodal multilingual benchmark showing that state-of-the-art vision-language models perform only marginally better than a trivial baseline at detecting specific rule violations in pluralistic online communities.
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ReAlign: Generalizable Image Forgery Detection via Reasoning-Aligned Representation
ReAlign distills LLM-generated reasoning texts into a lightweight AIGI forgery detector via contrastive image-text alignment to improve generalization on complex forgeries.
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GRASP: Learning to Ground Social Reasoning in Multi-Person Non-Verbal Interactions
GRASP is a large-scale dataset and benchmark for social reasoning grounded in gaze and gesture events in multi-person videos, with Social Grounding Reward (SGR) proposed to improve model performance on GRASP-Bench.
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Minerva-Ego: Spatiotemporal Hints for Egocentric Video Understanding
Minerva-Ego is a new benchmark for egocentric visual reasoning with dense human-annotated traces and masks, showing that spatiotemporal hints substantially improve frontier model performance.
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GeoVista: Visually Grounded Active Perception for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Understanding
GeoVista introduces a planning-driven active perception framework with global exploration plans, branch-wise local inspection, and explicit evidence tracking to achieve state-of-the-art results on ultra-high-resolution remote sensing benchmarks.
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From Table to Cell: Attention for Better Reasoning with TABALIGN
TABALIGN pairs a diffusion language model planner emitting binary cell masks with a trained attention verifier, raising average accuracy 15.76 points over strong baselines on eight table benchmarks while speeding execution 44.64%.
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Beyond Binary: Reframing GUI Critique as Continuous Semantic Alignment
BBCritic reframes GUI critique as continuous semantic alignment via contrastive learning in an affordance space, outperforming larger binary SOTA models on a new four-level hierarchical benchmark without extra annotations.
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R-DMesh: Video-Guided 3D Animation via Rectified Dynamic Mesh Flow
R-DMesh generates high-fidelity 4D meshes aligned to video by disentangling base mesh, motion, and a learned rectification jump offset inside a VAE, then using Triflow Attention and rectified-flow diffusion.
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EvoGround: Self-Evolving Video Agents for Video Temporal Grounding
A proposer-solver agent pair achieves supervised-level video temporal grounding and fine-grained captioning from 2.5K unlabeled videos via self-reinforcing evolution.
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RotVLA: Rotational Latent Action for Vision-Language-Action Model
RotVLA models latent actions as continuous SO(n) rotations with triplet-frame supervision and flow-matching to reach 98.2% success on LIBERO and 89.6%/88.5% on RoboTwin2.0 using a 1.7B-parameter model.
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Seg-Agent: Test-Time Multimodal Reasoning for Training-Free Language-Guided Segmentation
Seg-Agent performs language-guided segmentation without training by using Set-of-Mark visual prompts to enable explicit multimodal chain-of-reasoning in three stages: generation, selection, and refinement.