No torque mechanism studied supplies enough angular momentum for the innermost light-PBH shells around a heavy seed, so the spike core is swallowed and far less dense than a WIMP spike.
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Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter Candidates
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abstract
We review the formation and evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) and their possible contribution to dark matter. Various constraints suggest they could only provide most of it in the mass windows $10^{17}$ - $10^{23}\,$g or $10$ - $10^{2}\,M_{\odot}$, with the last possibility perhaps being suggested by the LIGO/Virgo observations. However, PBHs could have important consequences even if they have a low cosmological density. Sufficiently large ones might generate cosmic structures and provide seeds for the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. Planck-mass relics of PBH evaporations or stupendously large black holes bigger than $10^{12}\,M_{\odot}$ could also be an interesting dark component.
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Bumblebee gravity enhances primordial black hole abundance through three mechanisms, but the model harbors a ghost instability and a tachyonic instability that make it cosmologically unviable.
Residual anomalous coherence in scalar perturbations imprints on scalar-induced tensor modes, producing a correlated gravitational-wave background with nontrivial covariance and phase structure instead of a simple spectral shift.
Asteroid-mass primordial black holes induce a Riemann tidal splitting of the 2P_{3/2} hydrogen state, turning the 9.9 GHz line into a ~2 GHz bandwidth gravitational spectral radio forest in H II regions with accretion-enhanced emission measure.
Analytic gravitational waveforms from radial test-particle infall into a thin-shell traversable wormhole exhibit a characteristic pulse-gap structure from repeated throat crossings and lie within reach of ground-based detectors at ~500 Mpc.
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
Derives stochastic equations from Schwinger-Keldysh formalism that include quantum diffusion and classical metric perturbations for non-perturbative ultra-slow-roll inflation, validated on Starobinsky and critical Higgs models.
High-energy neutrino telescopes constrain sub-asteroid mass primordial black holes with extended mass functions as dark matter, yielding limits slightly weaker than but independent of gamma-ray bounds.
Extends diagrammatic approach for scalar-induced gravitational waves to arbitrary-order local PNG, deriving semi-analytic spectra for energy density, anisotropies, bispectrum and trispectrum up to quartic terms.
Generalizes UFO to T ~ a^{-ξ} and introduces GUFO from gravitational production, extending DM mass reach to 10^7 GeV for n=2 in matter-like reheating.
BlackHawk v3.0 adds Hawking temperatures and greybody factors for multiple regular black hole metrics to an existing public code via numerical routines.
In excursion set theory with colored noises, the low-mass tail of the PBH mass function differs from Carr's formula because correlated noises end the degeneracy of formation probabilities, though Carr's formula remains practical near the characteristic mass for smooth Fourier-space window functions.
Only black holes with initial masses in a narrow range formed during inflation survive to the present day, reaching a maximum mass of approximately 1.043 times 10 to the minus 3 solar masses.
Galactic synchrotron emissions above 20 MHz can set tighter upper limits on the abundance of primordial black holes with masses above 10^16 grams than previous cosmic-ray electron data.
PUEO will constrain the proton fraction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays under strong source evolution and set leading neutrino constraints on ultraheavy dark matter decays and some cosmic string models above 10^19 eV.
Bulk viscosity raises the critical collapse threshold for primordial black holes by an amount comparable to the viscosity strength and increases the resulting black hole masses.
Cross-correlating CSST galaxies with mock GW catalogs from ET2CE and BDET2CE networks can detect PBH merger fractions above ~40% and ~20% respectively via clustering bias differences.
The FFN dilaton-coupled anomaly model applied to the 2D Bardeen-like black hole enforces r_∞=√2 ℓ for quiescent finite-radius branches and excludes most null branches except the borderline p=2 power-law case under stronger state-tail decay.
Quadratic f(Q) gravity adds an H^4 term to the Friedmann equation and introduces a time-dependent G_eff that suppresses linear growth and halo abundance, offering a modified-gravity route to easing the S8 tension.
Using HBI on GWTC-4 data the authors compute lensed SGWBs for ABHs and PBHs and conclude that LIGO and ET can distinguish the two formation channels in specific frequency ranges, with ET offering broader coverage.
Multi-band GW observations of PBHs can reduce H0 uncertainty to ≲2 km/s/Mpc (conservative) or O(0.1) km/s/Mpc (optimistic) via Fisher forecasts on M_PBH and f_PBH.
citing papers explorer
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The swallowed spike: the formation of light primordial black hole structures around heavy seeds
No torque mechanism studied supplies enough angular momentum for the innermost light-PBH shells around a heavy seed, so the spike core is swallowed and far less dense than a WIMP spike.
-
Primordial black hole in Lorentz-violating theories: Insights from Bumblebee gravity
Bumblebee gravity enhances primordial black hole abundance through three mechanisms, but the model harbors a ghost instability and a tachyonic instability that make it cosmologically unviable.
-
Entanglement, Discord, and Residual Coherence in Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves
Residual anomalous coherence in scalar perturbations imprints on scalar-induced tensor modes, producing a correlated gravitational-wave background with nontrivial covariance and phase structure instead of a simple spectral shift.
-
The Gravitational Spectral Radio Forest: A Signature of Primordial Black Holes
Asteroid-mass primordial black holes induce a Riemann tidal splitting of the 2P_{3/2} hydrogen state, turning the 9.9 GHz line into a ~2 GHz bandwidth gravitational spectral radio forest in H II regions with accretion-enhanced emission measure.
-
Gravitational Waves from a Black Hole Falling Radially into a Thin-Shell Traversable Wormhole
Analytic gravitational waveforms from radial test-particle infall into a thin-shell traversable wormhole exhibit a characteristic pulse-gap structure from repeated throat crossings and lie within reach of ground-based detectors at ~500 Mpc.
-
Caught in the Cosmic Web: Environmental Impacts on the Halo Substructure Boosts to Dark Matter Annihilation Signals
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
-
Nonperturbative stochastic inflation in perturbative dynamical background
Derives stochastic equations from Schwinger-Keldysh formalism that include quantum diffusion and classical metric perturbations for non-perturbative ultra-slow-roll inflation, validated on Starobinsky and critical Higgs models.
-
High-energy neutrino constraints on primordial black holes as dark matter
High-energy neutrino telescopes constrain sub-asteroid mass primordial black holes with extended mass functions as dark matter, yielding limits slightly weaker than but independent of gamma-ray bounds.
-
Isotropy, anisotropies and non-Gaussianity in the scalar-induced gravitational-wave background: diagrammatic approach for primordial non-Gaussianity up to arbitrary order
Extends diagrammatic approach for scalar-induced gravitational waves to arbitrary-order local PNG, deriving semi-analytic spectra for energy density, anisotropies, bispectrum and trispectrum up to quartic terms.
-
Gravitational ultra-relativistic freeze-out during general reheating
Generalizes UFO to T ~ a^{-ξ} and introduces GUFO from gravitational production, extending DM mass reach to 10^7 GeV for n=2 in matter-like reheating.
-
$\tt BlackHawk$ $\tt v3.0$: Hawking Radiation from Regular Black Holes
BlackHawk v3.0 adds Hawking temperatures and greybody factors for multiple regular black hole metrics to an existing public code via numerical routines.
-
Primordial black holes in excursion set theory: Formation probabilities, mass functions, and window functions
In excursion set theory with colored noises, the low-mass tail of the PBH mass function differs from Carr's formula because correlated noises end the degeneracy of formation probabilities, though Carr's formula remains practical near the characteristic mass for smooth Fourier-space window functions.
-
Dynamical black holes in the inflationary epoch
Only black holes with initial masses in a narrow range formed during inflation survive to the present day, reaching a maximum mass of approximately 1.043 times 10 to the minus 3 solar masses.
-
Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Galactic Diffuse Synchrotron Emissions
Galactic synchrotron emissions above 20 MHz can set tighter upper limits on the abundance of primordial black holes with masses above 10^16 grams than previous cosmic-ray electron data.
-
The Sensitivity of PUEO to Cosmogenic Neutrinos and Exotic Physics Scenarios
PUEO will constrain the proton fraction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays under strong source evolution and set leading neutrino constraints on ultraheavy dark matter decays and some cosmic string models above 10^19 eV.
-
Primordial black hole formation in bulk-viscous cosmology
Bulk viscosity raises the critical collapse threshold for primordial black holes by an amount comparable to the viscosity strength and increases the resulting black hole masses.
-
Synergy between CSST and future gravitational-wave detectors: Probing primordial black holes by cross-correlating dark sirens with galaxies
Cross-correlating CSST galaxies with mock GW catalogs from ET2CE and BDET2CE networks can detect PBH merger fractions above ~40% and ~20% respectively via clustering bias differences.
-
Anomaly-driven evaporation endpoints of a two-dimensional regular black hole
The FFN dilaton-coupled anomaly model applied to the 2D Bardeen-like black hole enforces r_∞=√2 ℓ for quiescent finite-radius branches and excludes most null branches except the borderline p=2 power-law case under stronger state-tail decay.
-
Late-Time Cosmology and Structure Formation in Quadratic $f(Q)$ Gravity
Quadratic f(Q) gravity adds an H^4 term to the Friedmann equation and introduces a time-dependent G_eff that suppresses linear growth and halo abundance, offering a modified-gravity route to easing the S8 tension.
-
Effects of formation channels and gravitational lensing on stochastic gravitational wave background
Using HBI on GWTC-4 data the authors compute lensed SGWBs for ABHs and PBHs and conclude that LIGO and ET can distinguish the two formation channels in specific frequency ranges, with ET offering broader coverage.
-
Precision Analysis for $\boldsymbol{H_0}$ Using Upcoming Multi-band Gravitational Wave Observations
Multi-band GW observations of PBHs can reduce H0 uncertainty to ≲2 km/s/Mpc (conservative) or O(0.1) km/s/Mpc (optimistic) via Fisher forecasts on M_PBH and f_PBH.
- Primordial Black Holes: A Review of Formation and Evolution