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StarCraft II: A New Challenge for Reinforcement Learning

17 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 685 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.

17 Pith papers citing it
685 external citations · Pith
abstract

This paper introduces SC2LE (StarCraft II Learning Environment), a reinforcement learning environment based on the StarCraft II game. This domain poses a new grand challenge for reinforcement learning, representing a more difficult class of problems than considered in most prior work. It is a multi-agent problem with multiple players interacting; there is imperfect information due to a partially observed map; it has a large action space involving the selection and control of hundreds of units; it has a large state space that must be observed solely from raw input feature planes; and it has delayed credit assignment requiring long-term strategies over thousands of steps. We describe the observation, action, and reward specification for the StarCraft II domain and provide an open source Python-based interface for communicating with the game engine. In addition to the main game maps, we provide a suite of mini-games focusing on different elements of StarCraft II gameplay. For the main game maps, we also provide an accompanying dataset of game replay data from human expert players. We give initial baseline results for neural networks trained from this data to predict game outcomes and player actions. Finally, we present initial baseline results for canonical deep reinforcement learning agents applied to the StarCraft II domain. On the mini-games, these agents learn to achieve a level of play that is comparable to a novice player. However, when trained on the main game, these agents are unable to make significant progress. Thus, SC2LE offers a new and challenging environment for exploring deep reinforcement learning algorithms and architectures.

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representative citing papers

Approximation-Free Differentiable Oblique Decision Trees

cs.LG · 2026-05-08 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

DTSemNet gives an exact, invertible neural-network encoding of hard oblique decision trees that supports direct gradient training for both classification and regression without probabilistic softening or quantized estimators.

On the Measure of Intelligence

cs.AI · 2019-11-05 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

Intelligence is skill-acquisition efficiency, and the ARC benchmark measures human-like general fluid intelligence by testing abstraction and reasoning with minimal, innate-like priors.

IPR-1: Interactive Physical Reasoner

cs.AI · 2025-11-19 · conditional · novelty 6.0

An agent that couples a VLM policy with world-model rollouts in a learned physics-code action space outperforms GPT-5 and existing RL/world-model baselines on 200 games and transfers zero-shot to unseen games.

A Survey of Continual Reinforcement Learning

cs.LG · 2025-06-27 · accept · novelty 6.0

The paper surveys CRL literature, proposes a taxonomy of methods into four categories based on knowledge storage and transfer, reviews metrics and benchmarks, and outlines challenges and future research directions.

Arena: a toolkit for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

cs.LG · 2019-07-20 · accept · novelty 6.0

Arena introduces a modular Interface design that extends OpenAI Gym wrappers to support complex multi-agent RL scenarios including self-play and cooperative-competitive interactions.

Growing Action Spaces

cs.LG · 2019-06-28 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

A curriculum of growing action spaces combined with simultaneous off-policy value estimation accelerates learning in large multi-agent action spaces.

Why Build an Assistant in Minecraft?

cs.AI · 2019-07-22 · unverdicted · novelty 4.0

A rationale is presented for developing an assistant in Minecraft to advance natural language understanding and dialogue learning.

On Multi-Agent Learning in Team Sports Games

cs.MA · 2019-06-25 · unverdicted · novelty 3.0

Describes a hierarchical RL method for multi-agent learning in team sports games aiming for human-like agents, reporting preliminary results that show promise.

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Showing 17 of 17 citing papers.