First multipoint L1 observations reveal spatially varying MHD turbulence with strong anisotropies, shock-modified sheath regions, and compressible signatures in the October 2024 ICME.
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Exact laws for energy and generalized helicity cascades in FLR-MHD turbulence quantify ion heating rates from the helicity barrier and identify relaxed states showing velocity-magnetic field alignment without Beltrami alignment.
In magnetically dominated relativistic collisionless plasmas, Alfvén and slow modes follow anisotropic Goldreich-Sridhar scaling, fast modes are isotropic with larger kinetic energy fraction, and dynamic alignment weakens near kinetic scales due to thermal fluctuations.
MMS data from a 2023 CME show elevated electron temperatures with superthermal tails, depleted mid-energy electrons, and weak MHD-like turbulence with reduced intermittency in the rare sub-Alfvénic solar wind at 1 AU.
Turbulent electron-ion coronae around accreting black holes self-regulate into a two-temperature state that generates nonthermal ions and X-ray spectra consistent with observations including an MeV tail.
Imbalanced turbulence throttles its cascade via the helicity barrier, yielding flat spectra (η<2) that invert minor-ion heating to Q_i ∝ Q_p A_i (A_i/Z_i)^{η-2}, with simulations across β_p0 confirming the (A_i/Z_i)^a trend and strong perpendicular heating at low β.
Three-dimensional three-temperature simulations of colliding supersonic plasma flows from irradiated CH mesh targets produce a persistent shocked turbulent mixing layer that evolves toward an isothermal state with anisotropic Reynolds stress and effective Reynolds number around 200.
Reconnection in transrelativistic AGN coronae can energize protons to tens of PeV, producing a neutrino spectrum consistent with NGC 1068 observations without tuning the proton spectral slope.
Curvature acceleration in strong Alfvénic turbulence saturates due to diminishing energy exchange efficiency, producing particle distributions f(p) ∝ p^{-3} (non-relativistic) and f(γ) ∝ γ^{-3} (ultrarelativistic).
A review summarizing pitfalls in older CR-MHD models and progress toward more rigorous treatments that connect microphysical CR scales to galactic dynamics.
This review summarizes the basic principles of electron transport in inhomogeneous and tangled magnetic fields through gyro-centre trajectories, kinetic instabilities, trapping, and diffusion processes.
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Unprecedented Multipoint Observation of Spatially Varying ICME Turbulence of Different Ages during October 2024 Extreme Solar Storm at 1 AU
First multipoint L1 observations reveal spatially varying MHD turbulence with strong anisotropies, shock-modified sheath regions, and compressible signatures in the October 2024 ICME.
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High-energy Emission from Turbulent Electron-ion Coronae of Accreting Black Holes
Turbulent electron-ion coronae around accreting black holes self-regulate into a two-temperature state that generates nonthermal ions and X-ray spectra consistent with observations including an MeV tail.
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Minor Ions as a Diagnostic of Solar Wind Heating: Inverted Mass-to-Charge Scaling in Imbalanced Turbulence
Imbalanced turbulence throttles its cascade via the helicity barrier, yielding flat spectra (η<2) that invert minor-ion heating to Q_i ∝ Q_p A_i (A_i/Z_i)^{η-2}, with simulations across β_p0 confirming the (A_i/Z_i)^a trend and strong perpendicular heating at low β.