Lattice simulations show axion misalignment production splits into two regimes during first-order phase transitions, unified by a semi-analytical relic density formula that also alters isocurvature and small-scale power spectrum.
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Stepping up superradiance constraints on axions
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abstract
Light feebly-coupled bosonic particles can efficiently extract the rotational energy of rapidly spinning black holes on sub-astrophysical timescales via a phenomenon known as black hole superradiance. In the case of light axions, the feeble self-interactions of these particles can lead to a non-linear coupled evolution of many superradiant quasi-bound states, dramatically altering the rate at which the black hole is spun down. In this work, we extend the study of axion superradiance to higher order states, solving for the first time the coupled evolution of all states with $n \leq 5$ in the fully relativistic limit (with $n$ being the principle quantum number). Using a Bayesian framework, we re-derive constraints on axions using the inferred spins of solar mass black holes, demonstrating that previously adopted limit-setting procedures have underestimated current sensitivity to the axion decay constant $f_a$ by around one order of magnitude, and that the inclusion to higher order states allows one to reasonably capture the evolution of typical high-spin black holes across a much wider range of parameter space, thereby allowing constraints to be extended to more massive axions. We conclude with an extensive discussion on the systematics associated with spin inference from x-ray observations.
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The RadioAxion experiment at Gran Sasso found no evidence for axion dark matter induced periodic modulations in 241Am decays and derived constraints on the axion decay constant for masses from 10^{-21} to 10^{-9} eV.
LISA forecasts for quadratically coupled ultralight dark matter show competitive or superior sensitivity to terrestrial and astrophysical probes in selected mass windows, free of screening.
Superradiant axion clouds around black holes can undergo gravitational superfluorescence via a seeded coherent quadrupolar transition, leading to a detectable delayed gravitational-wave pulse.
Collective nucleon scattering in neutron-star matter suppresses the effective absorption of ultralight bosons at the long wavelengths relevant for superradiance, weakening the link between stellar cooling bounds and superradiant instability rates.
Semi-analytic waveform model for scalar environments around black hole binaries is validated against numerical relativity and applied to LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to obtain upper limits on scalar densities with tentative evidence in GW190728.
White dwarf mass-radius data exclude large parameter space for ultralight scalars quadratically coupled to fermions by predicting forbidden radius gaps and mass shifts toward the Chandrasekhar limit or altered maximum masses.
A framework is developed to predict axion-induced time modulations in weak nuclear decays, used to derive constraints on the axion decay constant from reanalyzed Gran Sasso data on 40K and 137Cs and to propose future sensitivity to higher masses.
Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of GWTC-5 binary black hole spins finds no evidence for superradiant axions and excludes masses 1.7e-14 to 3.3e-12 eV at 95% CL.
Using S2 star periastron precession, the work constrains ultralight scalar dark matter mass ratios to below 10^{-3} or 1 and improves quadratic coupling bounds for masses 10^{-20} to 10^{-18} eV.
Models apsidal precession and dynamical friction from extended matter to extend GRAVITY constraints on boson clouds around Sgr A* and assess impacts on S-star orbits.
Majoron dark matter is viable for sub-MeV masses in high-scale seesaw models with thermal leptogenesis, produced via misalignment and cosmic strings in pre- and post-inflationary scenarios and constrained by CMB, X-ray, and gravitational wave observations.
In supersymmetric DFSZ axion models, the LHC with 140 fb^{-1} can probe axion decay constants below 10^{11} GeV for higgsino masses under 1 TeV via displaced neutralino decays to axino LSPs.
citing papers explorer
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Axion Misalignment Across First-Order Phase Transitions
Lattice simulations show axion misalignment production splits into two regimes during first-order phase transitions, unified by a semi-analytical relic density formula that also alters isocurvature and small-scale power spectrum.
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RadioAxion results on the search for axion dark matter under Gran Sasso
The RadioAxion experiment at Gran Sasso found no evidence for axion dark matter induced periodic modulations in 241Am decays and derived constraints on the axion decay constant for masses from 10^{-21} to 10^{-9} eV.
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Probing Quadratically Coupled Ultralight Dark Matter with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
LISA forecasts for quadratically coupled ultralight dark matter show competitive or superior sensitivity to terrestrial and astrophysical probes in selected mass windows, free of screening.
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Gravitational superfluorescence from superradiant axion clouds
Superradiant axion clouds around black holes can undergo gravitational superfluorescence via a seeded coherent quadrupolar transition, leading to a detectable delayed gravitational-wave pulse.
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Stellar Superradiance and Low-Energy Absorption in Dense Nuclear Media
Collective nucleon scattering in neutron-star matter suppresses the effective absorption of ultralight bosons at the long wavelengths relevant for superradiance, weakening the link between stellar cooling bounds and superradiant instability rates.
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Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Semi-analytic waveform model for scalar environments around black hole binaries is validated against numerical relativity and applied to LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to obtain upper limits on scalar densities with tentative evidence in GW190728.
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$\phi$-Dwarfs: White Dwarfs probe Quadratically Coupled Scalars
White dwarf mass-radius data exclude large parameter space for ultralight scalars quadratically coupled to fermions by predicting forbidden radius gaps and mass shifts toward the Chandrasekhar limit or altered maximum masses.
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Weak nuclear decays deep-underground as a probe of axion dark matter
A framework is developed to predict axion-induced time modulations in weak nuclear decays, used to derive constraints on the axion decay constant from reanalyzed Gran Sasso data on 40K and 137Cs and to propose future sensitivity to higher masses.
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No Evidence for Superradiant Axions in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA GWTC-5 Binary Black Hole Spins
Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of GWTC-5 binary black hole spins finds no evidence for superradiant axions and excludes masses 1.7e-14 to 3.3e-12 eV at 95% CL.
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Constraining Ultralight Scalar Dark Matter in the Galactic Center with the S2 Orbit
Using S2 star periastron precession, the work constrains ultralight scalar dark matter mass ratios to below 10^{-3} or 1 and improves quadratic coupling bounds for masses 10^{-20} to 10^{-18} eV.
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Probing dense environments around Sgr A* with S-stars dynamics
Models apsidal precession and dynamical friction from extended matter to extend GRAVITY constraints on boson clouds around Sgr A* and assess impacts on S-star orbits.
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Majoron Dark Matter, High-Scale Seesaw, and Leptogenesis
Majoron dark matter is viable for sub-MeV masses in high-scale seesaw models with thermal leptogenesis, produced via misalignment and cosmic strings in pre- and post-inflationary scenarios and constrained by CMB, X-ray, and gravitational wave observations.
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Bridging the divide: axion searches and axino phenomenology at colliders
In supersymmetric DFSZ axion models, the LHC with 140 fb^{-1} can probe axion decay constants below 10^{11} GeV for higgsino masses under 1 TeV via displaced neutralino decays to axino LSPs.
- Relativistic frequency shifts in gravitational waves from axion clouds