First mapping of the QCD critical surface in full (T, μ_B, μ_Q, μ_S) space via constant-entropy expansion gives a critical point at (114, 602) MeV in the pure baryon direction, with μ_B,c shifting 40-100 MeV in strangeness-neutral directions while remaining similar in charge-neutral ones.
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The QCD crossover at finite chemical potential from lattice simulations
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abstract
We provide the most accurate results for the QCD transition line so far. We optimize the definition of the crossover temperature $T_c$, allowing for its very precise determination, and extrapolate from imaginary chemical potential up to real $\mu_B \approx 300$ MeV. The definition of $T_c$ adopted in this work is based on the observation that the chiral susceptibility as a function of the condensate is an almost universal curve at zero and imaganiary $\mu_B$. We obtain the parameters $\kappa_2=0.0153(18)$ and $\kappa_4=0.00032(67)$ as a continuum extrapolation based on $N_t=10,12$ and $16$ lattices with physical quark masses. We also extrapolate the peak value of the chiral susceptibility and the width of the chiral transition along the crossover line. In fact, both of these are consistent with a constant function of $\mu_B$. We see no sign of criticality in the explored range.
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Including Fierz-complete four-quark interactions in fRG-QCD shifts the predicted critical endpoint to (T, μ_B) = (102, 647) MeV and slightly increases the phase boundary curvature to κ₂ = 0.0151, while confirming σ and π channels dominate except near the CEP.
Bayesian analysis of astrophysical and laboratory data favors the two-families scenario of coexisting hadronic and strange quark stars over the one-family scenario.
Local baryon conservation in a canonical ensemble drives net-proton κ6/κ2 to small or negative values in restricted acceptance, establishing a baseline that must be subtracted before interpreting signals of chiral criticality.
An 't Hooft anomaly at general imaginary baryon chemical potential constrains the QCD chiral transition to three minimal CFT scenarios, with the favored one for N_f >= 3 featuring a conformal manifold of theta_B-dependent universality classes with an exactly marginal operator tied to baryon density.
In the continuum limit, κ_PS, κ_VA and κ_TX are all consistent with zero and with each other down to 164 MeV, implying concurrent chiral and U(1)_A restoration in the quark-connected nonsinglet sector.
A coupled DSE-FRG-holographic model predicts the QCD critical end point at T_CEP approximately 130-135 MeV and mu_B,CEP approximately 600 MeV, with sensitivity to regulator and normalization choices.
A three-parameter crossover equation of state reproduces lattice QCD thermodynamics and places the hadron-to-parton switching temperature at ~216 MeV, implying hadrons remain important up to ~250 MeV.
A simplified model reproduces the observed non-monotonic pT correlation minimum via meson-baryon mixing, showing it is not a reliable signal for the QCD critical point.
Including mesonic fluctuations beyond mean field in the quark-meson-diquark model substantially modifies the phase structure, with diquark condensation dominating at strong couplings as revealed by pole masses and the Silver-Blaze property.
Lattice simulations with Möbius domain-wall fermions find the three-flavor QCD transition at mu_B=0 is a continuous crossover at pseudocritical quark masses of 184(10) MeV (Nt=6), 36-39 MeV (Nt=8), and 3.5-3.7 MeV (Nt=12) in the MSbar scheme.
Lattice QCD finds evidence for effective U(1)_A symmetry restoration at 319(22) MeV, well above the chiral crossover.
The MUSES Calliope engine computes multi-dimensional QCD equations of state, merges them consistently, and feeds them into viscous hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions with movable critical points and critical scaling in transport coefficients.
The statistical hadronization model successfully describes hadron production in nuclear collisions over broad energies, with implications for QCD phase structure.
A review of lattice QCD findings on the finite-temperature QCD transition at zero baryon chemical potential, its chiral limit behavior, constraints on the phase boundary and critical endpoint at finite density, plus advances under external fields and conditions.
citing papers explorer
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QCD critical surface from constant entropy contours
First mapping of the QCD critical surface in full (T, μ_B, μ_Q, μ_S) space via constant-entropy expansion gives a critical point at (114, 602) MeV in the pure baryon direction, with μ_B,c shifting 40-100 MeV in strangeness-neutral directions while remaining similar in charge-neutral ones.
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Fierz-complete four-quark interactions and the QCD phase diagram
Including Fierz-complete four-quark interactions in fRG-QCD shifts the predicted critical endpoint to (T, μ_B) = (102, 647) MeV and slightly increases the phase boundary curvature to κ₂ = 0.0151, while confirming σ and π channels dominate except near the CEP.
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Is the coexistence of strange quark stars and hadronic stars favored by astrophysical data? A Bayesian analysis
Bayesian analysis of astrophysical and laboratory data favors the two-families scenario of coexisting hadronic and strange quark stars over the one-family scenario.
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Canonical statistical hadronization with local baryon conservation for higher-order cumulants
Local baryon conservation in a canonical ensemble drives net-proton κ6/κ2 to small or negative values in restricted acceptance, establishing a baseline that must be subtracted before interpreting signals of chiral criticality.
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Does hot QCD have a conformal manifold in the chiral limit?
An 't Hooft anomaly at general imaginary baryon chemical potential constrains the QCD chiral transition to three minimal CFT scenarios, with the favored one for N_f >= 3 featuring a conformal manifold of theta_B-dependent universality classes with an exactly marginal operator tied to baryon density.
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RG-Invariant Symmetry Ratio for QCD: A Study of $U(1)_A$ and Chiral Symmetry Restoration
In the continuum limit, κ_PS, κ_VA and κ_TX are all consistent with zero and with each other down to 164 MeV, implying concurrent chiral and U(1)_A restoration in the quark-connected nonsinglet sector.
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Unified Functional-Holographic Theory of the QCD Critical End Point
A coupled DSE-FRG-holographic model predicts the QCD critical end point at T_CEP approximately 130-135 MeV and mu_B,CEP approximately 600 MeV, with sensitivity to regulator and normalization choices.
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Hadronic and partonic composition of QCD matter across the crossover
A three-parameter crossover equation of state reproduces lattice QCD thermodynamics and places the hadron-to-parton switching temperature at ~216 MeV, implying hadrons remain important up to ~250 MeV.
-
Non-monotonicity of $p_T$ correlations from meson-baryon mixing
A simplified model reproduces the observed non-monotonic pT correlation minimum via meson-baryon mixing, showing it is not a reliable signal for the QCD critical point.
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Diquark Correlators and Phase Structure in the Quark-Meson-Diquark Model beyond Mean Field
Including mesonic fluctuations beyond mean field in the quark-meson-diquark model substantially modifies the phase structure, with diquark condensation dominating at strong couplings as revealed by pole masses and the Silver-Blaze property.
-
The QCD phase diagram for three-flavor M\"obius domain-wall fermions
Lattice simulations with Möbius domain-wall fermions find the three-flavor QCD transition at mu_B=0 is a continuous crossover at pseudocritical quark masses of 184(10) MeV (Nt=6), 36-39 MeV (Nt=8), and 3.5-3.7 MeV (Nt=12) in the MSbar scheme.
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On the effective restoration of $U(1)_A$ symmetry at finite temperature
Lattice QCD finds evidence for effective U(1)_A symmetry restoration at 319(22) MeV, well above the chiral crossover.
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Studying the QCD Matter produced in Heavy-Ion Collisions using the MUSES Calculation Engine
The MUSES Calliope engine computes multi-dimensional QCD equations of state, merges them consistently, and feeds them into viscous hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions with movable critical points and critical scaling in transport coefficients.
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Statistical hadronization: successes and some open issues
The statistical hadronization model successfully describes hadron production in nuclear collisions over broad energies, with implications for QCD phase structure.
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Lattice QCD at finite temperature and density
A review of lattice QCD findings on the finite-temperature QCD transition at zero baryon chemical potential, its chiral limit behavior, constraints on the phase boundary and critical endpoint at finite density, plus advances under external fields and conditions.