VLRS-Bench is the first benchmark dedicated to complex vision-language reasoning in remote sensing, with 2000 QA pairs across 14 tasks in cognition, decision, and prediction dimensions.
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Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learning
Canonical reference. 93% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
On April 13th, 2019, OpenAI Five became the first AI system to defeat the world champions at an esports game. The game of Dota 2 presents novel challenges for AI systems such as long time horizons, imperfect information, and complex, continuous state-action spaces, all challenges which will become increasingly central to more capable AI systems. OpenAI Five leveraged existing reinforcement learning techniques, scaled to learn from batches of approximately 2 million frames every 2 seconds. We developed a distributed training system and tools for continual training which allowed us to train OpenAI Five for 10 months. By defeating the Dota 2 world champion (Team OG), OpenAI Five demonstrates that self-play reinforcement learning can achieve superhuman performance on a difficult task.
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representative citing papers
Generative agents with memory streams, reflection, and planning using LLMs exhibit believable individual and emergent social behaviors in a simulated town.
GPT-f, a transformer-based prover for Metamath, generated new short proofs that were accepted into the main library—the first such contribution from a deep-learning system.
GPTNT benchmark demonstrates that state-of-the-art multimodal models cannot perform real-time collaborative bomb defusal in Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes, unlike human players.
Concept-based models can use controlled 'benign' information leakage to remain accurate and intervenable under real-world concept incompleteness by reframing their training objective.
RAT reformulates regularized natural policy gradients as vanilla gradients with a transformed advantage, computed efficiently via randomized block Kaczmarz iterations on on-policy data.
A projected gradient descent algorithm for noisy inductive matrix completion achieves linear convergence and stable recovery at sample complexity governed by side-information dimension, extending to inexact side-information with optimal error degradation.
DRATS derives a minimax objective from a feasibility formulation of MTRL to adaptively sample tasks with the largest return gaps, leading to better worst-task performance on MetaWorld benchmarks.
Standard MORL metrics do not measure whether preference inputs reliably control agent behavior, so a new controllability metric is introduced to restore the link between user intent and agent output.
LC-MAPF uses multi-round local communication between neighboring agents in a pre-trained model to outperform prior learning-based MAPF solvers on diverse unseen scenarios while preserving scalability.
Synthetic data augmentation helps channel-mixing time series models but degrades channel-independent ones, with reliable gains only from seasonal-trend generators and gradual schedules in low-resource settings.
COSPLAY co-evolves an LLM decision agent with a skill bank agent to improve long-horizon game performance, reporting over 25.1% average reward gains versus frontier LLM baselines on single-player benchmarks.
InfoChess proposes a symmetric adversarial game focused purely on information control and probabilistic king-location inference, with RL agents outperforming heuristic baselines and gameplay dissected via belief entropy, cross-entropy, and predictive scores.
PPO in a new competitive game fails due to five implementation bugs and then competitive overfitting where self-play stays near 50% but generalization drops to 21.6%; mixing 20% random opponents restores generalization to 77.1%.
NePPO learns a player-independent potential function via a novel objective whose minimization yields an approximate Nash equilibrium for general-sum multi-agent games.
Information geometry constrains intrinsic rewards to strictly concave functions of reciprocal occupancy, with geodesic interpolation on the occupancy manifold yielding a scalar-parameter family that includes count-based and max-entropy exploration.
Voyager achieves superior lifelong learning in Minecraft by combining an automatic exploration curriculum, a library of executable skills, and iterative LLM prompting with environment feedback, yielding 3.3x more unique items and 15.3x faster milestone unlocks than prior methods while generalizing技能
Introduces the Dota2-Vis dataset of 288 videos from 144 TI 2025 matches plus 2,477 annotated minimaps and evaluates YOLO11 variants for player-icon detection to produce visibility curves.
EMAgnet replaces uniform-magnet regularization in PPO self-play with an EMA of last-iterate policy parameters and reports lower exploitability on most tested zero-sum benchmarks, especially those with dominated strategies.
Self-play RL with a vision transformer policy, powered by a 10,000x faster JAX simulator, produces an agent that ranks #1 on the Generals.io leaderboard and wins 199-70 against top humans.
Asymmetric physics (high-fidelity non-diff simulator plus differentiable surrogates) enables end-to-end training of decentralized vision-based policies for up to 512 quadrupeds that transfer zero-shot to real hardware.
TSP reframes secure code generation as a tree-structured self-play process that supplies dense on-policy signals at vulnerability-prone nodes, yielding higher security pass rates and cross-language generalization than SFT or unstructured self-play.
Adversarial co-evolution of LLM constitutions in public goods games reaches near-parity equilibrium only when fitness is coupled across factions and evaluation uses at least five seeds per generation.
pcsp is a shared RL policy using LLM persona embeddings, low-rank projection, and PPO+InfoNCE+KL training that delivers 17x above-chance zero-shot persona identification and 22x faster inference on a 300-persona benchmark.
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