The JWST transmission spectrum of TOI-1231 b shows strong CH4 detection and moderate CO2 evidence, consistent with a deep H2-rich atmosphere and no distinct surface.
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MELTYQ couples magma-atmosphere equilibrium models with spectral retrievals to constrain sub-Neptune magma oxidation states and volatile inventories from transmission spectra.
New computed rates for excited S(1D) and SO(1Δ) plus a 1 ppm near-surface atomic sulfur source improve photochemical modeling of sulfur species in Venus and exo-Venus atmospheres.
Water- and metal-rich atmospheres on compact hot mini-Neptunes lose mass more slowly than H/He cases at high enrichment levels due to enhanced cooling and higher mean molecular weight.
An open-source GCE code with a 100x faster solver demonstrates that refractory ratios Mg/Si and Fe/Si control carbon partitioning and atmospheric properties in water-accreting sub-Neptunes.
Water-hydrogen demixing occurs on warm sub-Neptunes with envelope metallicities of 150-700 times solar, including TOI-270 d, implying layered interiors and underestimated bulk metallicities when using fully-miscible models.
Water-rich formation produces CH4- and CO2-rich atmospheres while water-poor formation produces carbon-depleted ones, with soot boosting methane; the H2O/CH4-MMW plane diagnoses formation environment for JWST targets.
Clouds drive over 1000 K heating at depth in sub-Neptune atmospheres, producing molten mantle interfaces for most planets in the sample and increasing abundances of O2, SiH4, and SiO by at least 36 percent.
Coupling Bern formation models with extended chemical equilibrium including S and N shows equilibration depletes atmospheric nitrogen, shifts C/O higher outside the ice line, generates Si species, and leaves sulfur abundances weakly dependent on formation location.
Models coupling hydrogen-silicate-iron miscibility with atmospheric escape reproduce the observed mass-radius occurrence density of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths.
citing papers explorer
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Transmission Spectrum of the Benchmark Temperate Exo-Neptune TOI-1231 b
The JWST transmission spectrum of TOI-1231 b shows strong CH4 detection and moderate CO2 evidence, consistent with a deep H2-rich atmosphere and no distinct surface.
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Coupling magma-ocean and atmospheres in spectral retrievals of sub-Neptunes
MELTYQ couples magma-atmosphere equilibrium models with spectral retrievals to constrain sub-Neptune magma oxidation states and volatile inventories from transmission spectra.
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Escape of Water- and Metal-enriched Atmospheres from compact Hot mini-Neptunes with CHAIN
Water- and metal-rich atmospheres on compact hot mini-Neptunes lose mass more slowly than H/He cases at high enrichment levels due to enhanced cooling and higher mean molecular weight.
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A New Global Chemical Equilibrium Code: Refractory Element Signatures in Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
An open-source GCE code with a 100x faster solver demonstrates that refractory ratios Mg/Si and Fe/Si control carbon partitioning and atmospheric properties in water-accreting sub-Neptunes.
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Atmospheric diversity of sub-Neptunes from formation with rock, water, and soot
Water-rich formation produces CH4- and CO2-rich atmospheres while water-poor formation produces carbon-depleted ones, with soot boosting methane; the H2O/CH4-MMW plane diagnoses formation environment for JWST targets.
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Impact of Clouds on the Atmosphere-Mantle Interface of Sub-Neptunes
Clouds drive over 1000 K heating at depth in sub-Neptune atmospheres, producing molten mantle interfaces for most planets in the sample and increasing abundances of O2, SiH4, and SiO by at least 36 percent.
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The Role of Formation Location in Shaping Sulfur-, Nitrogen-, and Carbon-Bearing Species in Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Atmospheres
Coupling Bern formation models with extended chemical equilibrium including S and N shows equilibration depletes atmospheric nitrogen, shifts C/O higher outside the ice line, generates Si species, and leaves sulfur abundances weakly dependent on formation location.
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The Influences of Hydrogen-Silicate-Iron Miscibility on the Demographics of Sub-Neptunes and Super-Earths
Models coupling hydrogen-silicate-iron miscibility with atmospheric escape reproduce the observed mass-radius occurrence density of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths.