Model-independent reconstruction shows that early-universe modifications resolving the Hubble tension exist at the background level, requiring a smooth ~15% pre-recombination expansion rate enhancement.
Canonical reference
Arendseet al., Cosmic dissonance: are new physics or systematics behind a short sound horizon?, Astron
Canonical reference. 83% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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UNVERDICTED 6representative citing papers
Two-field axion-like early dark energy reduces Hubble tension to 1.5 sigma residual and improves high-ell CMB fits over single-field models.
EDE models increase inferred α_s from CMB data, strengthening tension with USR PBH models that predict negative running.
Perturbative modifications to the electron mass m_e(z) resolve the Hubble tension with Planck+ACT CMB data but cannot when DESI DR2 BAO data are added due to lowered Omega_m.
Interacting k-essence dark energy and non-pressureless dark matter models with two interaction forms are shown to reproduce major cosmological epochs and fit observations comparably to LambdaCDM while admitting late-time de Sitter attractors.
A review summarizing the Hubble constant tension and proposed solutions from new physics that restore agreement between Planck CMB data and local H0 measurements within 1-2 sigma.
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Interacting $k$-essence field with non-pressureless Dark Matter: Cosmological Dynamics and Observational Constraints
Interacting k-essence dark energy and non-pressureless dark matter models with two interaction forms are shown to reproduce major cosmological epochs and fit observations comparably to LambdaCDM while admitting late-time de Sitter attractors.