Molmo2 delivers state-of-the-art open-weight video VLMs with new grounding datasets and training methods that outperform prior open models and match or exceed some proprietary ones on pointing and tracking tasks.
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The Kinetics Human Action Video Dataset
Baseline reference. 62% of citing Pith papers use this work as a benchmark or comparison.
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62% of classified citations
abstract
We describe the DeepMind Kinetics human action video dataset. The dataset contains 400 human action classes, with at least 400 video clips for each action. Each clip lasts around 10s and is taken from a different YouTube video. The actions are human focussed and cover a broad range of classes including human-object interactions such as playing instruments, as well as human-human interactions such as shaking hands. We describe the statistics of the dataset, how it was collected, and give some baseline performance figures for neural network architectures trained and tested for human action classification on this dataset. We also carry out a preliminary analysis of whether imbalance in the dataset leads to bias in the classifiers.
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- abstract We describe the DeepMind Kinetics human action video dataset. The dataset contains 400 human action classes, with at least 400 video clips for each action. Each clip lasts around 10s and is taken from a different YouTube video. The actions are human focussed and cover a broad range of classes including human-object interactions such as playing instruments, as well as human-human interactions such as shaking hands. We describe the statistics of the dataset, how it was collected, and give some baseline performance figures for neural network architectures trained and tested for human action class
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representative citing papers
Introduces the BAH dataset with 1,427 annotated videos for multimodal recognition of ambivalence/hesitancy in digital behavior change contexts.
LongVQUBench introduces a hierarchical benchmark with local, cross-event, and global quality understanding tasks plus needle distortion QA to measure LVLMs' long-term video quality reasoning.
SpikeTAD proposes the first SNN-based end-to-end TAD model, reporting 67.2% mAP on THUMOS14 and 37.42% on ActivityNet-1.3 with extremely low power consumption.
Surprise-gated episodic memory using V-JEPA-2 improves robot QA by ≥12% over prior memory methods and outperforms supervised baselines on event segmentation.
VidMsg is a new benchmark dataset and QA/retrieval tasks for implicit message inference in short videos, where current models perform poorly.
A large-scale empirical study across tokenizers and diffusion backbones identifies Velocity Irreducible Variance (VIV) as one of the most stable predictors of latent diffusion generation quality.
MMDG-Bench provides unified protocols and ten baselines for multimodal domain generalization, showing structured DG-MML combinations often outperform prior methods with insights on framework choice and backbone effects.
VideoABC estimates video-LLM failure probability via low-dimensional attribute projection, dual quantization (k-means plus lattice), and psychophysics-inspired synthetic data.
SVI-Bench provides 35K hours of sports video with 9 tasks across four cognitive levels, revealing models drop from ~74% on action QA to 5% on agentic evidence integration.
Domain-incremental video learning that permits forgetting through per-domain LoRA adapters and recovers the matching adapter at inference via test-time training on a self-supervised MAE reconstruction head.
YoCausal benchmark shows video diffusion models detect the arrow of time but lack genuine causal understanding relative to humans.
Uncertainty-DTW models pairwise correspondences with Normal distributions and uses an MLE objective with precision-weighted matching plus log-variance regularization for robust alignment of sequences and visual tokens.
Physics steering uses CAVs from PEZ-layer probes to directionally shift VideoMAE's physical expectations on IntPhys, with effects localized to the emergence zone and distinct from motion encoding.
Introduces the USV dataset of 224K short user-generated videos and benchmarks topic recognition plus video-text retrieval with MMF-Net and VTCL baselines.
Introduces FogAct paired clean-foggy video dataset and FogNet two-stream CLIP model that learns fog-invariant semantic representations via clean-video guidance.
PEIRA learns predictive encoders by optimizing the trace of the optimal inter-view linear regressor, with only nontrivial global minimizers as stable equilibria that recover leading nonlinear canonical correlation subspaces.
Minerva-Ego is a new benchmark for egocentric visual reasoning with dense human-annotated traces and masks, showing that spatiotemporal hints substantially improve frontier model performance.
PoseBridge recovers semantic information lost during skeletonization by extracting pose-anchored cues from human pose estimation and transferring them via skeleton-conditioned bridging and semantic prototype adaptation, yielding 13.3-17.4 point gains on the Kinetics PURLS benchmark.
RaPO reduces catastrophic forgetting in visual continual learning by shaping rewards around policy drift and stabilizing advantages with cross-task exponential moving averages during reinforcement fine-tuning of multimodal models.
LMMs perceive videos but underexploit visual content for causal reasoning due to textual shortcuts; ProCauEval diagnoses this and ADPO training reduces reliance on priors.
EyeCue detects driver cognitive distraction by modeling gaze-visual context interactions in egocentric videos and achieves 74.38% accuracy on the new CogDrive dataset, outperforming 11 baselines.
Temporal information in Video-LLMs is encoded well by video-centric encoders but disrupted by standard projectors; time-preserved MLPs plus AoT supervision yield 98.1% accuracy on arrow-of-time and gains on other temporal tasks.
McNdroid is a new longitudinal multimodal benchmark showing that Android malware detectors degrade over time but multimodal approaches maintain better performance across long temporal gaps.
citing papers explorer
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PoseBridge: Bridging the Skeletonization Gap for Zero-Shot Skeleton-Based Action Recognition
PoseBridge recovers semantic information lost during skeletonization by extracting pose-anchored cues from human pose estimation and transferring them via skeleton-conditioned bridging and semantic prototype adaptation, yielding 13.3-17.4 point gains on the Kinetics PURLS benchmark.
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Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Visual Continual Learning with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
RaPO reduces catastrophic forgetting in visual continual learning by shaping rewards around policy drift and stabilizing advantages with cross-task exponential moving averages during reinforcement fine-tuning of multimodal models.
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SignMAE: Segmentation-Driven Self-Supervised Learning for Sign Language Recognition
SignMAE uses segmentation-driven masking in a mask-and-reconstruct self-supervised task to learn fine-grained sign representations, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy on WLASL, NMFs-CSL, and Slovo with fewer frames and modalities.
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MLVU: Benchmarking Multi-task Long Video Understanding
MLVU is a new benchmark for long video understanding that uses extended videos across diverse genres and multi-task evaluations, revealing that current MLLMs struggle significantly and degrade sharply with longer durations.
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Video Diffusion Models
A diffusion model for video generation extends image architectures with joint image-video training and improved conditional sampling, delivering first large-scale text-to-video results and state-of-the-art performance on video prediction and unconditional generation benchmarks.
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Bridging Brain and Semantics: A Hierarchical Framework for Semantically Enhanced fMRI-to-Video Reconstruction
CineNeuron improves fMRI-to-video reconstruction by combining bottom-up semantic enrichment with top-down Mixture-of-Memories integration and outperforms prior methods on benchmarks.
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HumanNet: Scaling Human-centric Video Learning to One Million Hours
HumanNet is a 1M-hour human-centric video dataset with interaction annotations that enables better vision-language-action model performance than equivalent robot data in a controlled test.
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Exploring High-Order Self-Similarity for Video Understanding
The MOSS module learns and combines multi-order space-time self-similarity features to enhance temporal dynamics modeling in videos across action recognition, VQA, and robotic tasks.
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Latent-Compressed Variational Autoencoder for Video Diffusion Models
A frequency-based latent compression method for video VAEs yields higher reconstruction quality than channel-reduction baselines at fixed compression ratios.
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Zero-shot World Models Are Developmentally Efficient Learners
A zero-shot visual world model trained on one child's experience achieves broad competence on physical understanding benchmarks while matching developmental behavioral patterns.
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Skyra: AI-Generated Video Detection via Grounded Artifact Reasoning
Skyra is an MLLM that detects AI-generated videos by identifying and reasoning over grounded visual artifacts, supported by a new annotated dataset and benchmark.
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Perception Encoder: The best visual embeddings are not at the output of the network
Intermediate layers of a contrastively trained vision-language encoder yield stronger general embeddings than the output layer, enabling state-of-the-art performance across image/video classification, multimodal QA, and dense prediction after simple alignment.
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Video Generation with Predictive Latents
PV-VAE improves video latent spaces for generation by unifying reconstruction with future-frame prediction, reporting 52% faster convergence and 34.42 FVD gain over Wan2.2 VAE on UCF101.
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A Comprehensive Survey of Action Quality Assessment: Method and Benchmark
This survey proposes a modality-driven hierarchical taxonomy for AQA methods, establishes a unified benchmark for video-based approaches across datasets, and outlines research trends and challenges.
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Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AI
A survey of physical AI that distinguishes theoretical physics reasoning from applied understanding and synthesizes advances in symbolic reasoning, embodied systems, and generative models to advocate for physics-grounded world models.
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Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Models: A Comprehensive Survey
A comprehensive survey of PEFT algorithms for large models, covering their performance, overhead, applications, and real-world system implementations.
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Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Survey
A survey that proposes a taxonomy for universal time-series representation learning and reviews existing deep learning studies along with experimental setups.