TOI-837 b has a true obliquity of 25.9+7.5-6.3 deg, the first planet younger than 100 Myr with accessible ψ incompatible with an aligned orbit, favoring primordial disc torque followed by disc-driven migration.
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and Fortney, Jonathan J
13 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 390 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
Exoplanet discoveries of recent years have provided a great deal of new data for studying the bulk compositions of giant planets. Here we identify 47 transiting giant planets ($20 M_\oplus < M < 20 M_{\mathrm{J}}$) whose stellar insolation is low enough ($F_* < 2\times10^8\; \text{erg}\; \text{s}^{-1}\; \text{cm}^{-2}$, or roughly $T_\text{eff} < 1000$) that they are not affected by the hot Jupiter radius inflation mechanism(s). We compute a set of new thermal and structural evolution models and use these models in comparison with properties of the 47 transiting planets (mass, radius, age) to determine their heavy element masses. A clear correlation emerges between the planetary heavy element mass $M_z$ and the total planet mass, approximately of the form $M_z \propto \sqrt{M}$. This finding is consistent with the core accretion model of planet formation. We also study how stellar metallicity [Fe/H] affects planetary metal-enrichment and find a weaker correlation than has been previously reported from studies with smaller sample sizes. We confirm a strong relationship between the planetary metal-enrichment relative to the parent star $Z_{\rm planet}/Z_{\rm star}$ and the planetary mass, but see no relation in $Z_{\rm planet}/Z_{\rm star}$ with planet orbital properties or stellar mass. The large heavy element masses of many planets ($>50$ $M_{\oplus}$) suggest significant amounts of heavy elements in H/He envelopes, rather than cores, such that metal-enriched giant planet atmospheres should be the rule. We also discuss a model of core-accretion planet formation in a one-dimensional disk and show that it agrees well with our derived relation between mass and $Z_{\rm planet}/Z_{\rm star}$.
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representative citing papers
JWST NIRISS/SOSS data yield a transmission spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c showing H2O absorption and an atmospheric metallicity of 14.8^{+56}_{-12} times solar, lower than mature planets of similar mass.
The atmosphere of TOI-1130b shows high metallicity, low C/O, and elevated mean molecular weight consistent with ex-situ formation beyond the water ice line.
Direct imaging reveals enhanced metallicity and aligned orbit in 29 Cyg b, supporting protoplanetary disk formation near the deuterium burning limit.
Dynamical tides exciting f-modes during high-eccentricity migration produce the hot Jupiter pile-up, Neptune ridge, and Neptune desert via orbital circularization and selective atmospheric mass loss.
ORCHARD is a new open code that models planetary evolution and structure across terrestrial to gas giant masses using multiple equations of state and atmospheric boundary conditions.
Water-hydrogen demixing occurs on warm sub-Neptunes with envelope metallicities of 150-700 times solar, including TOI-270 d, implying layered interiors and underestimated bulk metallicities when using fully-miscible models.
A bare-bones cosmological model of artificial infection spread finds that spawn rates above roughly one per million galaxies at 0.1c would infect half the universe by today, tightening constraints on aggressive self-propagating technology.
HERMES is a multidimensional Bayesian framework that recovers correlations between stellar metallicity, planetary mass, and atmospheric metallicity from simulated Ariel-like surveys even with large intrinsic scatter.
N-body simulations show that 14 Herculis's orbital architecture requires primordial ejection of an additional massive planet.
TOI-1710 b has a true obliquity of 149 degrees indicating retrograde motion, favoring high-eccentricity migration via planet-planet scattering and Kozai-Lidov cycles for this tidally detached super-Neptune.
TOI-159 b is confirmed as the hottest known eccentric hot Jupiter (e = 0.24) with a 13-sigma Keplerian detection around a young gamma Doradus star, including a preliminary low-resolution transmission spectrum.
Detection and characterization of two eccentric warm Jupiters TOI-2147 b (P=26.2 d, e=0.29, M=116 M⊕) and TOI-6019 b (P=14.5 d, e=0.48, M=149 M⊕) with TESS and MaHPS data, showing mildly inflated radii consistent with tidal heating.
citing papers explorer
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The 35-Myr old infant planet TOI-837 b has a mildly misaligned orbit
TOI-837 b has a true obliquity of 25.9+7.5-6.3 deg, the first planet younger than 100 Myr with accessible ψ incompatible with an aligned orbit, favoring primordial disc torque followed by disc-driven migration.
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KRONOS I: The $1{-}2.8\mu$m JWST Transmission Spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c
JWST NIRISS/SOSS data yield a transmission spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c showing H2O absorption and an atmospheric metallicity of 14.8^{+56}_{-12} times solar, lower than mature planets of similar mass.
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JWST unveils a high mean molecular weight atmosphere for mini-Neptune TOI-1130b: Evidence for formation beyond the water ice line
The atmosphere of TOI-1130b shows high metallicity, low C/O, and elevated mean molecular weight consistent with ex-situ formation beyond the water ice line.
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Direct Images of CO2 Absorption in the Atmosphere of a Super-Jupiter: Enhanced Metallicity Suggestive of Formation in a Disk
Direct imaging reveals enhanced metallicity and aligned orbit in 29 Cyg b, supporting protoplanetary disk formation near the deuterium burning limit.
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Dynamical Tides during High-Eccentricity Migration produces the Hot Jupiter Pile-up, Neptune Ridge, and Neptune Desert
Dynamical tides exciting f-modes during high-eccentricity migration produce the hot Jupiter pile-up, Neptune ridge, and Neptune desert via orbital circularization and selective atmospheric mass loss.
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ORCHARD: A General Planetary Evolution Code
ORCHARD is a new open code that models planetary evolution and structure across terrestrial to gas giant masses using multiple equations of state and atmospheric boundary conditions.
-
A window for water-hydrogen demixing on warm metal-rich sub-Neptunes
Water-hydrogen demixing occurs on warm sub-Neptunes with envelope metallicities of 150-700 times solar, including TOI-270 d, implying layered interiors and underestimated bulk metallicities when using fully-miscible models.
-
HERMES: HiERarchical Modelling for Exoplanet Science
HERMES is a multidimensional Bayesian framework that recovers correlations between stellar metallicity, planetary mass, and atmospheric metallicity from simulated Ariel-like surveys even with large intrinsic scatter.
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The Architecture of the 14 Herculis System Suggests Primordial Ejection of a Massive Planet
N-body simulations show that 14 Herculis's orbital architecture requires primordial ejection of an additional massive planet.
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A tidally detached super Neptune on a strongly misaligned retrograde orbit
TOI-1710 b has a true obliquity of 149 degrees indicating retrograde motion, favoring high-eccentricity migration via planet-planet scattering and Kozai-Lidov cycles for this tidally detached super-Neptune.
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TOI-159 b: an eccentric hot-Jupiter planet around a young, pulsating $\gamma$ Doradus star
TOI-159 b is confirmed as the hottest known eccentric hot Jupiter (e = 0.24) with a 13-sigma Keplerian detection around a young gamma Doradus star, including a preliminary low-resolution transmission spectrum.
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TOI-2147 b and TOI-6019 b: Two eccentric warm Jupiters detected and characterized with TESS and MaHPS
Detection and characterization of two eccentric warm Jupiters TOI-2147 b (P=26.2 d, e=0.29, M=116 M⊕) and TOI-6019 b (P=14.5 d, e=0.48, M=149 M⊕) with TESS and MaHPS data, showing mildly inflated radii consistent with tidal heating.