PBH dark matter spans all naturalness tiers, with some mechanisms as natural as WIMPs or freeze-in particles, determined by abundance map structure rather than candidate type.
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Primordial black hole dark matter from single field inflation
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abstract
We propose a model of inflation capable of generating a population of light black holes (about $10^{-16}$ - $10^{-14}$ solar masses) that might account for a significant fraction of the dark matter in the Universe. The effective potential of the model features an approximate inflection point arising from two-loop order logarithmic corrections in well-motivated and perturbative particle physics examples. This feature decelerates the inflaton before the end of inflation, enhancing the primordial spectrum of scalar fluctuations and triggering efficient black hole production with a peaked mass distribution. At larger field values, inflation occurs thanks to a generic small coupling between the inflaton and the curvature of spacetime. We compute accurately the peak mass and abundance of the primordial black holes using the Press-Schechter and Mukhanov-Sasaki formalisms, showing that the slow-roll approximation fails to reproduce the correct results by orders of magnitude. We study as well a qualitatively similar implementation of the idea, where the approximate inflection point is due to competing terms in a generic polynomial potential. In both models, requiring a significant part of the dark matter abundance to be in the form of black holes implies a small blue scalar tilt with a sizable negative running and a tensor spectrum that may be detected by the next-generation probes of the cosmic microwave background. We also comment on previous works on the topic.
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Non-singular gravity with regulator ℓ induces a PBH mass gap ~c²ℓ/G and a stronger Carr criterion δ_H > 2GM_gap/R_H - 1 when R_H ~ ℓ.
Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
Lattice simulations directly calculate SIGW spectra with non-Gaussianity to all orders and show that modest non-Gaussianity alters ultraviolet spectral behavior.
Dissipation of small-scale primordial perturbations after neutrino decoupling cools relic neutrinos and reduces their abundance, enabling PTOLEMY to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum to O(0.1) on scales k ≲ 3×10^5 Mpc^{-1}.
An open quantum system treatment of curvature perturbations during Ultra-Slow-Roll inflation shows that environmental decoherence erases the interference dip, modifies the growth slope, and induces oscillatory features in the scalar power spectrum and scalar-induced gravitational waves.
UV divergences of one-loop primordial tensor and scalar spectra are absorbed by covariant and tadpole counterterms using only the universal WKB expansion of internal modes, yielding finite model-independent renormalized expressions.
Analytical formulae for power spectrum peaks in constant-roll inflation enable parameter reconstruction from peak features and smoothed approximations for induced gravitational wave estimates.
A new eigenvalue method is introduced to compute the PDF of stochastic e-folds in inflation, recovering a known flat-potential result and analyzing constant-drift cases in narrow and broad well limits.
EDE models increase inferred α_s from CMB data, strengthening tension with USR PBH models that predict negative running.
Deformed alpha-attractor T-models with a Gaussian feature near the minimum yield more smaller shorter-lived oscillons during self-resonance preheating, suppressing energy in oscillons and altering the high-frequency gravitational wave tail while leaving low frequencies unchanged.
Classical and quantum correlation functions of inflationary perturbations diverge exponentially with e-folds when interactions are relevant, even if forced to agree at an intermediate time.
Memory-burden backreaction deforms the Hawking spectrum to suppress its high-energy tail, lowering total luminosity and neutrino flux by a factor set by a single suppression parameter and thereby relaxing IceCube bounds on primordial black hole dark matter.
Explores SKAO detection of scalar-induced GW backgrounds as probes of primordial non-Gaussianity and parity violation, with LSS cross-correlation to improve SNR.
Updated compilation shows PBHs are tightly constrained across 55 orders of magnitude in mass, ruling out dominant dark matter contributions except in narrow windows, with many limits carrying observational uncertainties.
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.
citing papers explorer
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Are Primordial Black Holes a Natural Dark Matter Candidate?
PBH dark matter spans all naturalness tiers, with some mechanisms as natural as WIMPs or freeze-in particles, determined by abundance map structure rather than candidate type.
-
Carr criterion and mass gaps in non-singular primordial black hole formation
Non-singular gravity with regulator ℓ induces a PBH mass gap ~c²ℓ/G and a stronger Carr criterion δ_H > 2GM_gap/R_H - 1 when R_H ~ ℓ.
-
Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component
Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
-
Scalar-induced gravitational waves with non-Gaussianity up to all orders
Lattice simulations directly calculate SIGW spectra with non-Gaussianity to all orders and show that modest non-Gaussianity alters ultraviolet spectral behavior.
-
Probing the small-scale primordial power spectrum via relic neutrinos and acoustic reheating
Dissipation of small-scale primordial perturbations after neutrino decoupling cools relic neutrinos and reduces their abundance, enabling PTOLEMY to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum to O(0.1) on scales k ≲ 3×10^5 Mpc^{-1}.
-
When the Environment Speaks: Quantum Signatures in Non-Attractor Inflation
An open quantum system treatment of curvature perturbations during Ultra-Slow-Roll inflation shows that environmental decoherence erases the interference dip, modifies the growth slope, and induces oscillatory features in the scalar power spectrum and scalar-induced gravitational waves.
-
Background-independent one-loop renormalization of tensor and scalar primordial spectra
UV divergences of one-loop primordial tensor and scalar spectra are absorbed by covariant and tadpole counterterms using only the universal WKB expansion of internal modes, yielding finite model-independent renormalized expressions.
-
Constant-Roll Inflation: Analytical Formulae for Power Spectrum and Implications for Induced Gravitational Waves
Analytical formulae for power spectrum peaks in constant-roll inflation enable parameter reconstruction from peak features and smoothed approximations for induced gravitational wave estimates.
-
Eigenvalue formulation of Stochastic Inflation and application to large perturbation generating inflationary features
A new eigenvalue method is introduced to compute the PDF of stochastic e-folds in inflation, recovering a known flat-potential result and analyzing constant-drift cases in narrow and broad well limits.
-
Running into tension: primordial black holes from ultra-slow-roll inflation, spectral running, and the Hubble tension
EDE models increase inferred α_s from CMB data, strengthening tension with USR PBH models that predict negative running.
-
Self-resonance preheating in deformed attractor models: oscillon formation and evolution
Deformed alpha-attractor T-models with a Gaussian feature near the minimum yield more smaller shorter-lived oscillons during self-resonance preheating, suppressing energy in oscillons and altering the high-frequency gravitational wave tail while leaving low frequencies unchanged.
-
Classical and quantum evolution of inflationary fluctuations
Classical and quantum correlation functions of inflationary perturbations diverge exponentially with e-folds when interactions are relevant, even if forced to agree at an intermediate time.
-
Memory-Burden Suppression of Hawking Radiation and Neutrino Constraints on Primordial Black Holes
Memory-burden backreaction deforms the Hawking spectrum to suppress its high-energy tail, lowering total luminosity and neutrino flux by a factor set by a single suppression parameter and thereby relaxing IceCube bounds on primordial black hole dark matter.
-
Exploring Gravitational Wave Signatures Due to Primordial Non-gaussianity and Large Scale Structure Using SKAO
Explores SKAO detection of scalar-induced GW backgrounds as probes of primordial non-Gaussianity and parity violation, with LSS cross-correlation to improve SNR.
-
Constraints on Primordial Black Holes
Updated compilation shows PBHs are tightly constrained across 55 orders of magnitude in mass, ruling out dominant dark matter contributions except in narrow windows, with many limits carrying observational uncertainties.
-
In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part III: CMB constraints
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.