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Interpreting DESI 2024 BAO: late-time dynamical dark energy or a local effect?

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abstract

We perform fits to DESI, CMB and supernova data to understand the physical origin of the DESI hint for dynamical dark energy. We find that the linear parametrization of the equation of state $w$ may guide to misleading interpretations, such as the hint for a phantom Universe, which are not preferred by the data. Instead, physical quintessence models fit the data well. Model-independently, present observations prefer deviations from the constant dark energy, $w=-1$, only at very low redshifts, $z < \mathcal{O}(0.1)$. We find that this result is driven by low-$z$ supernova data. Therefore, either the fundamental properties of our Universe, characterised by the equation of state $w$ and the Hubble parameter $H$, underwent dramatic changes very recently or, alternatively, we do not fully understand the systematics of our local Universe in a radius of about $300\,h^{-1}\rm Mpc$.

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Reconstructing dark energy with fewer assumptions

astro-ph.CO · 2026-06-04 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

Bin-wise uncorrelated reconstruction from DESI/SDSS BAO and Pantheon+/Union3.1/DES-Dovekie supernovae yields dark energy density peaking then declining and equation of state oscillating with phantom crossing near z~0.7, consistent across datasets at moderate significance.

Negative neutrino mass or negative dark energy?

astro-ph.CO · 2026-05-20 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

A sign-switching dark energy model (Λ_s CDM) recovers positive effective neutrino masses (0.055 ± 0.050 eV) consistent with oscillation data, unlike ΛCDM which prefers negative values (-0.075 eV), for DESI DR2 + CMB + supernova fits with z_† > 2.4.

Testing the consistency of cosmological models with multimessenger astronomy

gr-qc · 2026-05-10 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0 · 2 refs

Derives multimessenger consistency relations for luminosity distances in the Friedmann model, including a curvature parameter expressed solely in terms of flatness-biased distances and a cosmological-constant relation independent of flatness assumptions.

The Status of Single Scalar Field Dark Energy

astro-ph.CO · 2026-07-08 · conditional · novelty 4.5

Cosmological data can constrain only a handful of EFT parameters for single-scalar dark energy; extended models show modest preference over Λ but remain underdetermined and challenged by fifth forces and screening.

Cosmological Viability of Exponential Infrared $f(T)$ Gravity

astro-ph.CO · 2026-06-30 · unverdicted · novelty 4.0

Exponential IR f(T) gravity Model I alleviates Hubble tension but is disfavoured by combined Planck/ACT/SPT+DESI+Pantheon+ data; Model II is ruled out because background constraints force unphysical shifts in CMB parameters.

Neutrino mass constraints in interacting dark energy models after DESI DR2

astro-ph.CO · 2026-06-03 · unverdicted · novelty 4.0

Upper bounds on total neutrino mass in four phenomenological interacting dark energy models are derived from DESI DR2 BAO plus CMB and SNIa data, showing strong dependence on the interaction term form and statistical preference for models that tighten the bound below the oscillation lower limit.

Beyond CPL: Evidence for dynamical dark energy in three-parameter models

astro-ph.CO · 2025-10-04 · conditional · novelty 4.0

Two three-parameter extensions of the mAH dark energy parametrization are compared to LambdaCDM, wCDM, CPL and others using CMB, DESI BAO, H(z), RSD and three SNIa samples, yielding Delta chi-squared improvements of 6-38 and 2-5 sigma tensions with LambdaCDM.

New Insights into Dark Energy from DESI DR2 with CMB and SNIa

astro-ph.CO · 2025-07-14 · unverdicted · novelty 4.0

Systematic dataset swaps show DESY5 low-redshift SNIa, Planck CMB plus lensing, and DESI-DR2 BAO as the dominant sources of w0waCDM tension with ΛCDM, while other combinations remain consistent.

Updated Cosmological Constraints in Extended Parameter Space with Planck PR4, DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, and Supernovae: Dynamical Dark Energy, Neutrino Masses, Lensing Anomaly, and the Hubble Tension

astro-ph.CO · 2024-09-19 · conditional · novelty 4.0

Extended 12-parameter fits to Planck PR4, DESI BAO, and Pantheon+/DESY5 supernovae find dynamical dark energy not yet robust, an upper bound on neutrino mass sum of 0.3 eV, reduced lensing anomaly, and persistent Hubble tension at 3.2-3.9 sigma.

The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2

astro-ph.CO · 2025-05-30 · unverdicted · novelty 3.0

This review traces the history of dynamical dark energy, presents the no-go theorem against single-field crossing of w = -1, and surveys viable Quintom constructions including multi-field models and modified gravity in light of DESI DR2 hints.

A short review on Quintom dark energy theory

astro-ph.CO · 2026-05-31 · conditional · novelty 2.0

A review arguing that current DESI/DES data favor Quintom-B dark energy, where the equation of state crosses w=-1 from below to above, with applications to bounces and CMB birefringence.

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