3D simulations in an expanding background show cosmic expansion drives nonlinear growth that amplifies gravitational-wave spectra from slow phase transitions by factors of 10 to 100.
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Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
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abstract
We investigate the potential for observing gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA in light of recent theoretical and experimental developments. Our analysis is based on current state-of-the-art simulations of sound waves in the cosmic fluid after the phase transition completes. We discuss the various sources of gravitational radiation, the underlying parameters describing the phase transition and a variety of viable particle physics models in this context, clarifying common misconceptions that appear in the literature and identifying open questions requiring future study. We also present a web-based tool, PTPlot, that allows users to obtain up-to-date detection prospects for a given set of phase transition parameters at LISA.
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representative citing papers
First non-perturbative lattice computation of seeded bubble nucleation rate in the cubic anisotropy model agrees with semi-classical EFT prediction on domain walls including fluctuation determinant.
PBH dark matter spans all naturalness tiers, with some mechanisms as natural as WIMPs or freeze-in particles, determined by abundance map structure rather than candidate type.
The paper derives a quantitative relationship showing that the Kerr parameter a_* of PBHs from first-order phase transitions increases with latent heat α and decreases with transition rate β, reaching typical values of 10^{-3}.
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
Defines peak-integrated sensitivity curves (PISCs) that fold in the expected spectral shape of gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions and supplies semianalytical fits plus public data for major detectors.
Dynamical LTE simulations reveal that heating wave formation often outlasts wall acceleration, yielding a revised maximal driving pressure criterion that weakens hydrodynamic obstruction compared to steady-state models.
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
A minimal dark SU(2)_D model with anomaly cancellation and Z4 symmetry generates a rank-two Dirac neutrino mass matrix enforcing one exactly massless neutrino.
Tensor perturbations from first-order phase transitions and domain wall annihilation induce curvature fluctuations at second order that form primordial black holes, allowing asteroid-mass PBHs to comprise all dark matter for specific parameter ranges with associated gravitational wave peaks in LISA,
AM-CW lunar laser ranging achieves μHz SGWB sensitivity of 5.29×10^{-9} D_cov (80 μm range uncertainty) or 2.07×10^{-9} D_cov (50 μm) over 5 years, with discovery possible if covariance degradation stays below ~3.6-13.7.
Collapsing axion-like domain walls generate the baryon asymmetry by acting as an effective chemical potential through coupling to the electroweak topological term, with the asymmetry produced via sphaleron processes.
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
Matchotter automates one-loop finite-temperature dimensional reduction and supersoft matching for generic Lagrangians using functional techniques.
Low-scale leptogenesis becomes viable in the neutrino seesaw framework when a first-order electroweak phase transition allows sphalerons to convert lepton asymmetry into baryon asymmetry at temperatures below the Standard Model decoupling point.
Covariant analysis of curvature perturbations from first-order phase transitions reveals gauge-dependent overestimation of primordial black holes and gravitational waves in prior non-covariant calculations, leading to strong suppression of both signals.
First-order gradient CP-violating sources in EWBG quantum transport relax electron EDM bounds and increase viability compared to prior approximations in a model illustration.
Precision study of dark sector phase transitions finds PTA-favored parameters near EFT breakdown with disfavored GW signals after higher-order corrections.
HydroGrav code computes self-similar fluid profiles and GW spectra using exact EOS from effective potentials for EWPT models, identifying parameter regions in a Z2 SM extension where simplified EOS differ in amplitude and shape, with LISA SNR estimates.
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
An SU(5) GUT model uses an intermediate breaking to SO(3)_C × SO(2)_L realized by adjoint, symmetric tensor, and singlet scalars plus singlet fermions so that monopoles annihilate via cosmic strings, with possible first-order restoration producing detectable GWs.
Computes dimension-six operators in finite-temperature massive scalar QED via heat kernel methods and evaluates their combined effect with the Polyakov loop on first-order phase transition thermodynamics.
PBH production from slow phase transitions with delayed reheating is modeled via peak theory and Monte Carlo simulations, showing extreme sensitivity to reheating efficiency and potential to explain all dark matter.
Slow reheating after a supercooled first-order phase transition allows an early matter-dominated era in which small curvature perturbations grow sufficiently to form primordial black holes.
citing papers explorer
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Seeded bubble nucleation on the lattice
First non-perturbative lattice computation of seeded bubble nucleation rate in the cubic anisotropy model agrees with semi-classical EFT prediction on domain walls including fluctuation determinant.
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Finite-temperature Yang-Mills theories with the density of states method: towards the continuum limit
Density-of-states lattice study of the first-order phase transition in Sp(4) Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature, confirming metastability and surface tension for two temporal extents toward the continuum limit.