A systematic analysis of 59 quantum software testing empirical studies reveals highly diverse designs, inconsistent reporting, and open methodological challenges, leading to recommendations for future work.
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Noise from quantum hardware simulators significantly alters mutant detection distances, making equivalent mutants harder to separate from faults, with output-distribution metrics reaching 73.03% accuracy and 74.89% F1-score under device-specific thresholds.
Quantum circuits show high average condition (97.56%) and decision (97.63%) coverage but lower path coverage (71.84%), with probabilistic versions adding confidence levels (averages 88.87%, 88.65%, 37.18%); mutation testing reveals weak or no correlation between structural coverage and fault finding
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Probabilistic Condition, Decision and Path Coverage of Circuit-based Quantum Programs
Quantum circuits show high average condition (97.56%) and decision (97.63%) coverage but lower path coverage (71.84%), with probabilistic versions adding confidence levels (averages 88.87%, 88.65%, 37.18%); mutation testing reveals weak or no correlation between structural coverage and fault finding