Derives dynamical criterion for biased domain wall formation by evaluating p_fv at freeze-out temperature T_fo, producing stricter condition than conventional static threshold and consistency condition T_fo > T_ann.
Imprint of domain wall annihilation on induced gravitational waves
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abstract
Domain wall annihilation can leave a distinctive imprint on the induced gravitational wave spectrum. During annihilation, most of the domain wall energy transforms into the scalar field responsible for the initial $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry breaking that created the walls, along with any coupled species. If the produced scalar is sufficiently long-lived, its delayed decay drives an early matter-dominated phase following domain wall annihilation, significantly amplifying induced gravitational waves from primordial perturbations. The subsequent transition to radiation domination dilutes the domain wall contribution through entropy injection while preserving the enhanced induced signal. This creates a gravitational wave spectrum with two distinct peaks detectable across complementary frequency bands. We explore the observable parameter space and demonstrate how multi-band detection can probe early universe symmetry breaking.
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Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
Gravitino masses in the 100 TeV to 10^10 TeV range can be inferred from two frequency features in the stochastic gravitational wave spectrum produced by an early matter-dominated phase.
citing papers explorer
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Dynamical criterion for biased domain-wall formation
Derives dynamical criterion for biased domain wall formation by evaluating p_fv at freeze-out temperature T_fo, producing stricter condition than conventional static threshold and consistency condition T_fo > T_ann.
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Imprint of domain wall annihilation on induced gravitational waves
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.