JWST NIRISS/SOSS data yield a transmission spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c showing H2O absorption and an atmospheric metallicity of 14.8^{+56}_{-12} times solar, lower than mature planets of similar mass.
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SUPER-EARTH ATMOSPHERES: SELF-CONSISTENT GAS ACCRETION AND RETENTION
13 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 276 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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astro-ph.EP 13years
2026 13representative citing papers
Young sub-Neptunes transition from core-powered bolometric escape to photoevaporative escape at smaller radii for lower-mass and more irradiated planets, with self-consistent simulations yielding combined mass-loss rates and analytic transition scalings.
Coupled thermal-chemical models indicate that sub-Neptunes formed outside the water-ice line exhibit high atmospheric CH4, H2O, and C/O ratios while those formed inside show suppressed CH4 and low C/O.
Uranus and Neptune are reinterpreted as magma-ocean giants with hydrogen-rich interiors rather than traditional ice giants, consistent with observations via three fit parameters each.
An open-source GCE code with a 100x faster solver demonstrates that refractory ratios Mg/Si and Fe/Si control carbon partitioning and atmospheric properties in water-accreting sub-Neptunes.
The transmission spectrum of AU Mic b is dominated by the transit light source effect from stellar spots, yielding only weak atmospheric constraints with a preferred scale height below 185 km.
A simulated 2.5-year multi-band photometric survey is projected to detect ~100 young transiting planets, sufficient to measure their occurrence rate to 5% precision and differentiate gas-dwarf versus water-world formation scenarios.
Coupling Bern formation models with extended chemical equilibrium including S and N shows equilibration depletes atmospheric nitrogen, shifts C/O higher outside the ice line, generates Si species, and leaves sulfur abundances weakly dependent on formation location.
Sub-Neptunes around metal-rich stars have a 42.6% conditional probability of cold Jupiters versus 14.5% for super-Earths, showing a metallicity-dependent correlation absent in the latter.
Photoevaporative and collisional mass losses diversify exoplanet parameter space in ways consistent with standard core accretion, enabling an expanded eight-class classification scheme.
Hydrogen-silicate miscibility stores hydrogen in sub-Neptune interiors, resupplies escaping envelopes, delays contraction, matches young-planet observations, and enables a population test requiring 70-100 targets under 100 Myr.
Models coupling hydrogen-silicate-iron miscibility with atmospheric escape reproduce the observed mass-radius occurrence density of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths.
An upgraded planet population synthesis model incorporates post-disc dynamical evolution and atmospheric enrichment to generate synthetic exoplanet populations with improved fidelity to N-body results and observations.
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KRONOS I: The $1{-}2.8\mu$m JWST Transmission Spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c
JWST NIRISS/SOSS data yield a transmission spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c showing H2O absorption and an atmospheric metallicity of 14.8^{+56}_{-12} times solar, lower than mature planets of similar mass.
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Characterizing the bolometric-photoevaporative transition in young sub-Neptunes with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations
Young sub-Neptunes transition from core-powered bolometric escape to photoevaporative escape at smaller radii for lower-mass and more irradiated planets, with self-consistent simulations yielding combined mass-loss rates and analytic transition scalings.
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Coupled Thermal-Chemical Evolution Models of Sub-Neptunes Reveal Atmospheric Signatures of Their Formation Location
Coupled thermal-chemical models indicate that sub-Neptunes formed outside the water-ice line exhibit high atmospheric CH4, H2O, and C/O ratios while those formed inside show suppressed CH4 and low C/O.
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Ice Giants Revisited: Uranus and Neptune as Magma Ocean Worlds
Uranus and Neptune are reinterpreted as magma-ocean giants with hydrogen-rich interiors rather than traditional ice giants, consistent with observations via three fit parameters each.
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A New Global Chemical Equilibrium Code: Refractory Element Signatures in Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
An open-source GCE code with a 100x faster solver demonstrates that refractory ratios Mg/Si and Fe/Si control carbon partitioning and atmospheric properties in water-accreting sub-Neptunes.
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The HST/WFC3 Transmission Spectrum of AU Mic b Part I: An Atmosphere Obscured by Contamination and Systematics
The transmission spectrum of AU Mic b is dominated by the transit light source effect from stellar spots, yielding only weak atmospheric constraints with a preferred scale height below 185 km.
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Preparing for the Early eVolution Explorer: Detecting the Primordial, Transiting Exoplanet Population
A simulated 2.5-year multi-band photometric survey is projected to detect ~100 young transiting planets, sufficient to measure their occurrence rate to 5% precision and differentiate gas-dwarf versus water-world formation scenarios.
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The Role of Formation Location in Shaping Sulfur-, Nitrogen-, and Carbon-Bearing Species in Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Atmospheres
Coupling Bern formation models with extended chemical equilibrium including S and N shows equilibration depletes atmospheric nitrogen, shifts C/O higher outside the ice line, generates Si species, and leaves sulfur abundances weakly dependent on formation location.
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Sub-Neptunes Show a Stronger Correlation with Cold Jupiters than Super-Earths Especially in Metal-rich Systems
Sub-Neptunes around metal-rich stars have a 42.6% conditional probability of cold Jupiters versus 14.5% for super-Earths, showing a metallicity-dependent correlation absent in the latter.
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Formation and evolution pathways of planets. I. Comparison between theory and observations
Photoevaporative and collisional mass losses diversify exoplanet parameter space in ways consistent with standard core accretion, enabling an expanded eight-class classification scheme.
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Testing the prevalence of hydrogen-silicate miscibility in young sub-Neptunes
Hydrogen-silicate miscibility stores hydrogen in sub-Neptune interiors, resupplies escaping envelopes, delays contraction, matches young-planet observations, and enables a population test requiring 70-100 targets under 100 Myr.
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The Influences of Hydrogen-Silicate-Iron Miscibility on the Demographics of Sub-Neptunes and Super-Earths
Models coupling hydrogen-silicate-iron miscibility with atmospheric escape reproduce the observed mass-radius occurrence density of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths.
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Rapid and Predictive Planet Population Synthesis Model (RAPPS) I. Upgraded model and resulting synthetic populations
An upgraded planet population synthesis model incorporates post-disc dynamical evolution and atmospheric enrichment to generate synthetic exoplanet populations with improved fidelity to N-body results and observations.