No significant GeV emission from 223 SLSNe constrains GeV-to-optical efficiency to η < 1.3×10^{-3}, with <0.7% of events allowed above 10^{-2}; SN 2017egm shows a ~4σ excess favoring magnetar origin while SN 2018bsz does not.
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The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Mission
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abstract
(Abridged) The Large Area Telescope (Fermi/LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy gamma-ray telescope, covering the energy range from below 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV. This paper describes the LAT, its pre-flight expected performance, and summarizes the key science objectives that will be addressed. On-orbit performance will be presented in detail in a subsequent paper. The LAT is a pair-conversion telescope with a precision tracker and calorimeter, each consisting of a 4x4 array of 16 modules, a segmented anticoincidence detector that covers the tracker array, and a programmable trigger and data acquisition system. Each tracker module has a vertical stack of 18 x,y tracking planes, including two layers (x and y) of single-sided silicon strip detectors and high-Z converter material (tungsten) per tray. Every calorimeter module has 96 CsI(Tl) crystals, arranged in an 8 layer hodoscopic configuration with a total depth of 8.6 radiation lengths. The aspect ratio of the tracker (height/width) is 0.4 allowing a large field-of-view (2.4 sr). Data obtained with the LAT are intended to (i) permit rapid notification of high-energy gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and transients and facilitate monitoring of variable sources, (ii) yield an extensive catalog of several thousand high-energy sources obtained from an all-sky survey, (iii) measure spectra from 20 MeV to more than 50 GeV for several hundred sources, (iv) localize point sources to 0.3 - 2 arc minutes, (v) map and obtain spectra of extended sources such as SNRs, molecular clouds, and nearby galaxies, (vi) measure the diffuse isotropic gamma-ray background up to TeV energies, and (vii) explore the discovery space for dark matter.
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representative citing papers
Axions produced in supernovae generate a diffuse gamma-ray signal through conversion in magnetic fields, yielding competitive constraints on the axion-photon coupling from COMPTEL, EGRET, and Fermi-LAT data plus forecasts for future MeV telescopes.
VLSS J0318.9+5755 (the Treble Clef) is a radio phoenix with ultra-steep spectrum in a massive merging cluster at z≈0.117 in the Zone of Avoidance, shaped by ICM gas motions that may also power a candidate radio halo.
Tentative double Gaussian excess at 1.59 GeV (2.6σ) and 11.15 GeV (3.7σ) in Fermi-LAT spectrum of blazar 4FGL J0604.9-0000, combined TS ≃ 27 (~4.3σ local).
A rotating black-hole metric with a dark-matter halo is derived, but the proposed halo profiles do not make the spacetime asymptotically flat as claimed.
A differentiable forward model and likelihood enable fully probabilistic, high-dimensional inference over continuum morphologies of the Galactic Center gamma-ray Excess.
Pixel-level Fermi-LAT analysis confirms a high-latitude 20 GeV Galactic halo excess consistent with ~0.55–0.72 TeV WIMP annihilation at ⟨σv⟩~10⁻²⁴ cm³ s⁻¹, with dwarf tension reduced to R≃1.6–9.3 by systematics.
Weakly supervised classifiers trained on background-versus-mixture samples can identify anomalous gamma-ray sources without labeled signal templates, approaching supervised performance in controlled benchmarks.
ConvLSTM trained self-supervised on simulated daily all-sky maps detects transients in Fermi-LAT data via pixel-wise residual anomalies with spatial filtering.
The synchrotron self-absorption magnetic field in the flaring core of 3C 138 is approximately 0.05 times the equipartition magnetic field.
Fermi LAT data analysis detects a time-evolving ~162-day periodic GeV signal from 4FGL J1913.2+0512 linked to SS 433, prominent in 2008-2018 but diminished afterward, indicating multi-year evolution in gamma-ray production efficiency or geometry.
Analytical expressions for ALP-photon conversion in transient compact stars yield an updated bound g_aγ < 5×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} for m_a ≲ 10^{-9} eV from SN 1987A, plus sensitivity forecasts for future Galactic SN and NSM observations.
Filtering unidentified Fermi sources and comparing to repopulated VL-II simulations yields upper limits of 4e-26 cm3/s (10 GeV) and 5e-25 cm3/s (100 GeV) on tau-pair annihilation.
A largely model-independent framework links dark matter annihilation, mediator decays, and semi-annihilation to both thermal freeze-out and present-day gamma-ray, neutrino, and antimatter fluxes, with benchmarks showing how their relative strengths shape observable spectra.
Multi-wavelength monitoring of a gamma-ray flare in 1H 0323+342 reveals sub-hour variability, jet-corona transition, and ~10^46 erg/s jet power via external Compton modeling of disk and BLR photons.
Sets upper limits on primordial black hole dark matter fraction using extragalactic gamma-ray background, claiming these are the tightest indirect constraints for the mass range.
Uses synchro-curvature framework and observed cutoff energies to determine equilibrium Lorentz factors and pitch angles, offering a physical account of the L_gamma proportional to E_dot^0.68 trend.
Multi-instrument observations reveal broad overlap in X-ray photon indices across blazar subclasses with intra-source spectral evolution supporting transition-like behavior.
New IXPE X-ray polarimetry and optical monitoring of PG 1553+113 reveal variable polarization and a large EVPA swing, supporting jet models with related but non-co-spatial X-ray and optical emission regions.
Analysis of an unidentified Fermi gamma-ray source shows inconclusive results with a mild spectral preference for dark matter annihilation over a pulsar origin.
AGN (jetted and non-jetted) are viable high-energy neutrino sources, with TXS 0506+056 and NGC 1068 as the only statistically significant associations so far, while gamma-ray blazars contribute only a small fraction of the diffuse flux.
The paper supplies an introductory lecture-style summary of observational techniques, astronomical sources, and physical processes across the four main messengers in multi-messenger astronomy.
citing papers explorer
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On the Gamma-ray Efficiency of Superluminous Supernovae: Potential Detections and Population-Level Constraints
No significant GeV emission from 223 SLSNe constrains GeV-to-optical efficiency to η < 1.3×10^{-3}, with <0.7% of events allowed above 10^{-2}; SN 2017egm shows a ~4σ excess favoring magnetar origin while SN 2018bsz does not.
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Lights, Camera, Axion: Tracing Axions from Supernovae in the Diffuse $\gamma$-ray Sky
Axions produced in supernovae generate a diffuse gamma-ray signal through conversion in magnetic fields, yielding competitive constraints on the axion-photon coupling from COMPTEL, EGRET, and Fermi-LAT data plus forecasts for future MeV telescopes.
-
The Treble Clef radio phoenix and its old nonthermal filaments
VLSS J0318.9+5755 (the Treble Clef) is a radio phoenix with ultra-steep spectrum in a massive merging cluster at z≈0.117 in the Zone of Avoidance, shaped by ICM gas motions that may also power a candidate radio halo.
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A Tentative Double Excess in the Gamma-Ray Spectrum of the Fermi Blazar 4FGL J0604.9-0000
Tentative double Gaussian excess at 1.59 GeV (2.6σ) and 11.15 GeV (3.7σ) in Fermi-LAT spectrum of blazar 4FGL J0604.9-0000, combined TS ≃ 27 (~4.3σ local).
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A metric solution for rotating black holes embedded in dark matter halos with central spikes
A rotating black-hole metric with a dark-matter halo is derived, but the proposed halo profiles do not make the spacetime asymptotically flat as claimed.
-
High-dimensional inference for the $\gamma$-ray sky with differentiable programming
A differentiable forward model and likelihood enable fully probabilistic, high-dimensional inference over continuum morphologies of the Galactic Center gamma-ray Excess.
-
The 20 GeV Galactic Halo Excess: Pixel-Level Confirmation and Consistency with Sub-TeV WIMP Annihilation
Pixel-level Fermi-LAT analysis confirms a high-latitude 20 GeV Galactic halo excess consistent with ~0.55–0.72 TeV WIMP annihilation at ⟨σv⟩~10⁻²⁴ cm³ s⁻¹, with dwarf tension reduced to R≃1.6–9.3 by systematics.
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Weakly supervised machine learning for model-agnostic searches of new phenomena in the $\gamma$-ray sky
Weakly supervised classifiers trained on background-versus-mixture samples can identify anomalous gamma-ray sources without labeled signal templates, approaching supervised performance in controlled benchmarks.
-
Self-Supervised ConvLSTM for Fermi Large Area Telescope Transient Detection
ConvLSTM trained self-supervised on simulated daily all-sky maps detects transients in Fermi-LAT data via pixel-wise residual anomalies with spatial filtering.
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Constraining the magnetic field strength of a flaring radio core in the compact steep spectrum source 3C 138
The synchrotron self-absorption magnetic field in the flaring core of 3C 138 is approximately 0.05 times the equipartition magnetic field.
-
Temporal evolution of the periodic GeV signal from 4FGL J1913.2+0512 and analysis of the SS 433 / W50 lobes
Fermi LAT data analysis detects a time-evolving ~162-day periodic GeV signal from 4FGL J1913.2+0512 linked to SS 433, prominent in 2008-2018 but diminished afterward, indicating multi-year evolution in gamma-ray production efficiency or geometry.
-
Axion-photon conversion in transient compact stars: Systematics, constraints, and opportunities
Analytical expressions for ALP-photon conversion in transient compact stars yield an updated bound g_aγ < 5×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} for m_a ≲ 10^{-9} eV from SN 1987A, plus sensitivity forecasts for future Galactic SN and NSM observations.
-
Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources as Targets for Indirect Dark Matter Detection with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope
Filtering unidentified Fermi sources and comparing to repopulated VL-II simulations yields upper limits of 4e-26 cm3/s (10 GeV) and 5e-25 cm3/s (100 GeV) on tau-pair annihilation.
-
Cosmic-Ray Signatures of Annihilating and Semi-Annihilating Dark Matter via One-Step Cascades
A largely model-independent framework links dark matter annihilation, mediator decays, and semi-annihilation to both thermal freeze-out and present-day gamma-ray, neutrino, and antimatter fluxes, with benchmarks showing how their relative strengths shape observable spectra.
-
A Rare Gamma-ray Flaring episode of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342
Multi-wavelength monitoring of a gamma-ray flare in 1H 0323+342 reveals sub-hour variability, jet-corona transition, and ~10^46 erg/s jet power via external Compton modeling of disk and BLR photons.
-
Limits on primordial black holes from the extragalactic gamma-ray background; current status and future projections
Sets upper limits on primordial black hole dark matter fraction using extragalactic gamma-ray background, claiming these are the tightest indirect constraints for the mass range.
-
A synchro-curvature treatment of gamma-ray luminosity trends in pulsars
Uses synchro-curvature framework and observed cutoff energies to determine equilibrium Lorentz factors and pitch angles, offering a physical account of the L_gamma proportional to E_dot^0.68 trend.
-
Spectral-Regime Overlap and Transition-like Behavior in the Blazar Population from Multi-Instrument X-ray and TeV Observations
Multi-instrument observations reveal broad overlap in X-ray photon indices across blazar subclasses with intra-source spectral evolution supporting transition-like behavior.
-
Tracking down the broadband polarimetric properties of PG 1553+113
New IXPE X-ray polarimetry and optical monitoring of PG 1553+113 reveal variable polarization and a large EVPA swing, supporting jet models with related but non-co-spatial X-ray and optical emission regions.
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Deeper analysis of Fermi-LAT unassociated 4FGL J2112.5-3043 for possible identification
Analysis of an unidentified Fermi gamma-ray source shows inconclusive results with a mild spectral preference for dark matter annihilation over a pulsar origin.
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Active Galactic Nuclei as high-energy neutrino sources
AGN (jetted and non-jetted) are viable high-energy neutrino sources, with TXS 0506+056 and NGC 1068 as the only statistically significant associations so far, while gamma-ray blazars contribute only a small fraction of the diffuse flux.
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Introduction to multi-messenger astronomy
The paper supplies an introductory lecture-style summary of observational techniques, astronomical sources, and physical processes across the four main messengers in multi-messenger astronomy.