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arxiv: 1310.5580 · v1 · pith:OWOZ3BPGnew · submitted 2013-10-21 · ❄️ cond-mat.stat-mech · cond-mat.quant-gas· hep-th· math-ph· math.MP

How many is different? Answer from ideal Bose gas

classification ❄️ cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.quant-gashep-thmath-phmath.MP
keywords answeridealbosefinitemanynumberboiling-likecare
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How many $\mathrm{H_{2}O}$ molecules are needed to form water? While the precise answer is not known, it is clear that the answer should be a finite number rather than infinity. We revisit with care the ideal Bose gas confined in a cubic box which is discussed in most statistical physics textbooks. We show that the isobar of the ideal gas zigzags on the temperature-volume plane featuring a `boiling-like' discrete phase transition, provided the number of particles is equal to or greater than a particular value: 7616. This demonstrates for the first time how a finite system can feature a mathematical singularity and realize the notion of `Emergence', without resorting to the thermodynamic limit.

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