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Threshold for primordial black holes: Dependence on the shape of the cosmological perturbations
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Primordial black holes may have formed in the radiative era of the early Universe from the collapse of large enough amplitude perturbations of the metric. These correspond to non linear energy density perturbations characterized by an amplitude larger than a certain threshold, measured when the perturbations reenter the cosmological horizon. The process of primordial black hole formation is studied here within spherical symmetry, using the gradient expansion approximation in the long wavelength limit, where the pressure gradients are small, and the initial perturbations are functions only of a time-independent curvature profile. In this regime it is possible to understand how the threshold for primordial black hole formation depends on the shape of the initial energy density profile, clarifying the relation between local and averaged measures of the perturbation amplitude. Although there is no universal threshold for primordial black hole formation, the averaged mass excess of the perturbation depends on the amplitude of the energy density peak, and it is possible to formulate a well-defined criterion to establish when a cosmological perturbation is able to form a black hole in terms of one of these two key quantities. This gives understanding of how the abundance of primordial black holes depends on the shape of the the inflationary power spectrum of cosmological perturbations.
Forward citations
Cited by 34 Pith papers
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The statistics of curvature-profile dispersion in primordial black hole formation
Rare coherent shape deformations of primordial curvature profiles can dominate primordial black hole abundance by lowering the collapse threshold enough to overcome their Gaussian statistical cost.
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Stochastic binary tree method computes compaction function in inflation to distinguish type I/II PBH fluctuations, finding broader mass distributions and type-II dominance in quantum regimes of a toy model.
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Carr criterion and mass gaps in non-singular primordial black hole formation
Non-singular gravity with regulator ℓ induces a PBH mass gap ~c²ℓ/G and a stronger Carr criterion δ_H > 2GM_gap/R_H - 1 when R_H ~ ℓ.
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Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component
Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
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Primordial black holes forming during kination: the trapped, the overdense, and the void
In one non-attractor inflation model, initially similar field fluctuations produce three distinct black-hole formation channels—trapped, overdense, void—with collapse thresholds determined by the full density profile,...
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The statistics of curvature-profile dispersion in primordial black hole formation
Shape dispersion around the average peak profile is a genuine statistical ingredient: rare deformed curvature profiles can dominate primordial black hole formation when the power spectrum is broad or non-Gaussianity i...
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One Feature, Three Clocks: Phase-Locked Gravitational Waves, Primordial Black Holes, and Non-Gaussianity from Periodic Warm Inflation
Periodic warm inflation imprints one log-periodic feature on the curvature spectrum that saturates asteroid-mass PBHs, generates dual-band GW backgrounds, and offsets the bispectrum phase by a quarter cycle fixed by s...
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from first-order phase transitions and domain wall annihilation induce curvature fluctuations at second order that form primordial black holes, allowing asteroid-mass PBHs to comprise all dark mat...
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The Gravitational Spectral Radio Forest: A Signature of Primordial Black Holes
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Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
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Vacuum bubbles from cosmic ripples
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Friction in Stochastic Inflation
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Isotropy, anisotropies and non-Gaussianity in the scalar-induced gravitational-wave background: diagrammatic approach for primordial non-Gaussianity up to arbitrary order
Extends diagrammatic approach for scalar-induced gravitational waves to arbitrary-order local PNG, deriving semi-analytic spectra for energy density, anisotropies, bispectrum and trispectrum up to quartic terms.
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Curvature Perturbations from First-Order Phase Transitions: Implications to Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
Covariant analysis of curvature perturbations from first-order phase transitions reveals gauge-dependent overestimation of primordial black holes and gravitational waves in prior non-covariant calculations, leading to...
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Scalar-induced gravitational waves from a box-shaped curvature power spectrum
Analytic SIGW spectra for a log-box curvature power spectrum: narrow-box geometric overlap factor turning IR slope k^{3}ln^{2}k into k^{2}ln^{2}k, plus broad-box product of universal edge functions.
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Primordial Black Holes from Slow Phase Transitions with Delayed Reheating: A Peak-Theory Approach
PBH production from slow phase transitions with delayed reheating is modeled via peak theory and Monte Carlo simulations, showing extreme sensitivity to reheating efficiency and potential to explain all dark matter.
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In excursion set theory with colored noises, the low-mass tail of the PBH mass function differs from Carr's formula because correlated noises end the degeneracy of formation probabilities, though Carr's formula remain...
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
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Primordial black hole dark matter from axion inflation
PBHs generated by axion inflation with gauge-field coupling can comprise all dark matter in the asteroidal mass range while producing a LISA-measurable stochastic GW background.
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Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
For tachyonic models with ζ=A(φ²−σ²), the PBH abundance is exponentially set by the correlation ρ between field and radial gradient; narrow spectra drive ρ→−1 and suppress PBH formation without killing the induced GW signal.
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Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability allows narrow curvature spectra to exponentially suppress primordial black hole overproduction via correlation coefficient ρ approaching -1 while retaining s...
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Primordial black hole dark matter from ultra-slow-roll inflation in Horndeski gravity
A kinetic cubic Horndeski coupling creates an ultra-slow-roll phase that amplifies curvature perturbations enough to produce asteroid-mass primordial black holes, potentially 90% of dark matter.
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Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
A Bayesian analysis shows that a future sub-solar PBH detection would make the primordial SIGW interpretation of PTA data favored over the SMBH interpretation, but this preference is driven by the detection prior.
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Towards Stochastic Inflation in Higher-Curvature Gravity
Stochastic inflation with Gauss-Bonnet coupling to the inflaton yields first-passage-time estimates of the scalar power spectrum and PBH mass fraction in slow-roll and ultra-slow-roll limits.
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Relic gravitational waves from primordial gravitational collapses
Sound shell collisions from Hubble-scale primordial density perturbations generate a stochastic GW background whose peak frequency and amplitude scale with the Hubble horizon and shell abundance.
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Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition
3D simulations of cosmological first-order phase transitions find density perturbation spectra with k^3 and k^{-1.5} slopes and GW spectra with k^3 and k^{-2}, confirming slow transitions can produce PBHs.
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Primordial black hole formation in bulk-viscous cosmology
Bulk viscosity raises the critical collapse threshold for primordial black holes by an amount comparable to the viscosity strength and increases the resulting black hole masses.
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How large are curvature perturbations from slow first-order phase transitions? A gauge-invariant analysis
Slow first-order phase transitions generate comoving curvature perturbations too small to form primordial black holes, with a new fitting template for the power spectrum.
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Primordial Black Hole Formation in $f(R)=R+\alpha R^2$ Gravity: Perturbative and Non-Perturbative Analysis
The paper claims a positive R² curvature term accelerates dust collapse and lowers the primordial-black-hole formation threshold, but the quantitative shift and the derived bound on α are not actually computed.
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Tensor induced gravitational waves
Second-order tensor-induced gravitational waves can shift the inferred parameters of small-scale primordial gravitational wave models fitted to NANOGrav 15-year data, with one model favored by Bayes factors.
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Constraints on Primordial Black Holes
Updated compilation shows PBHs are tightly constrained across 55 orders of magnitude in mass, ruling out dominant dark matter contributions except in narrow windows, with many limits carrying observational uncertainties.
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Primordial Black Holes: A Review of Formation and Evolution
Review of PBH formation via compaction function and relativistic thresholds in FLRW backgrounds, arguing that memory burden and curvature corrections halt evaporation to leave Planck-scale relics.
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Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments
Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.
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