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LIGO/Virgo black holes and dark matter: The effect of spatial clustering
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LIGO/Virgo black holes and dark matter: The effect of spatial clustering
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We discuss the effect of clustering for the determination of the merger rate of binary black holes in the LIGO mass range. While for a Poissonian initial distribution, and assuming isolated binaries, the allowed fraction of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) to dark matter (DM) is a few percent, we show that this bound can be relaxed if PBHs are clustered. More precisely we show that for large clustering the merger rate can drop with increasing fraction of PBHs, introducing a degeneracy in the parameters of the theory consistent with a given present merger rate, and allowing all the DM to be in the form of stellar mass PBHs. This degeneracy can however be broken by looking at the evolution of the merger rate with redshift. For a simple clustering model that we consider, we show that the LIGO projected sensitivity can disentangle, through the observation of a stochastic background of gravitational waves, different clustered distributions having the same present merger rate.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Smoluchowski Coagulation Equation and the Evolution of Primordial Black Hole Clusters
Monte Carlo solutions to the Smoluchowski coagulation equation yield runaway timescales and mass evolution for primordial black hole clusters at different redshifts based on cluster properties.
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Smoluchowski Coagulation Equation and the Evolution of Primordial Black Hole Clusters
Monte Carlo solutions of the Smoluchowski equation for PBH clusters yield finite runaway timescales and evolving mass distributions that form high-redshift SMBHs, shortened further by mass segregation.
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Merger rate of initially clustered primordial black holes for the two-body channel
Weak initial clustering of primordial black holes reduces the PBH fraction needed to explain LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA mergers in the two-body channel, while strong clustering suppresses the rate via three-body formation.
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Hunting Dark Matter with the Einstein Telescope
Clustered primordial black holes may constitute all dark matter and produce a flat stochastic gravitational wave background detectable by the Einstein Telescope.
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