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Flavor probes of axion-like particles
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Flavor probes of axion-like particles
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Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are well-motivated low-energy relics of high-energy extensions of the Standard Model (SM). We investigate the phenomenology of an ALP with flavor-changing couplings, and present a comprehensive analysis of quark and lepton flavor-changing observables within a general ALP effective field theory. Observables studied include rare meson decays, flavor oscillations of neutral mesons, rare lepton decays, and dipole moments. We derive bounds on the general ALP couplings as a function of its mass, consistently taking into account the ALP lifetime and branching ratios. We further calculate quark flavor-changing effects that are unavoidably induced by running and matching between the new physics scale and the scale of the measurements. This allows us to derive bounds on benchmark ALP models in which only a single (flavorless or flavor-universal) ALP coupling to SM particles is present at the new physics scale, and in this context we highlight the complementarity and competitiveness of flavor bounds with constraints derived from collider, beam dump and astrophysical measurements. We find that searches for ALPs produced in meson decays provide some of the strongest constraints in the MeV-GeV mass range, even for the most flavorless of ALP models. Likewise, we discuss the interplay of flavor-conserving and flavor-violating couplings of the ALP to leptons, finding that constraints from lepton flavor-violating observables generally depend strongly on both. Additionally, we analyze whether an ALP can provide an explanation for various experimental anomalies including those observed in rare B-meson decays, measurements at the ATOMKI and KTeV experiments, and in the anomalous magnetic moments of the muon and the electron.
Forward citations
Cited by 15 Pith papers
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A Bandpass Axion Or: How I Learned To Stop Worrying About Stars And Love The Lab
Axion-photon coupling from non-anomalous PQ symmetry with charged light fermions acts as bandpass filter, making lab constraints dominant for most axion masses.
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Phenomenology of Non-Abelian Gauge and Goldstone Bosons in a U(2) Flavor Model
SU(2)_F bosons in a U(2)_F flavor model induce unsuppressed flavor-violating couplings, with K to pi X and mu to e X constraining the breaking scale v_phi to 10^11-10^12 GeV for light bosons and other processes constr...
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A covariant description of the interactions of axion-like particles and hadrons
A covariant framework identifies redefinition-invariant ALP couplings to gluons and quarks and computes physical decay rates for mixed scenarios.
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The KSVZ Atlas: A Unified SMEFT-ALP Framework
A matching framework from arbitrary KSVZ UV completions to SMEFT and ALP EFT yields robust operator bounds from global fits that often dominate direct ALP searches except when mass mixing occurs.
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Crossing into the $m_a > f_a$ Region for Leptophilic ALPs
Leptophilic ALPs with m_a > f_a can explain the electron anomalous magnetic moment tension over a large parameter space and are testable via μ→e conversion.
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ALP production in Lepton Flavour Violating meson, tau and gauge boson decays
ALPs with LFV couplings above the muon mass threshold can be produced in LFV meson, tau, and gauge boson decays, yielding clean eμ signatures that enable new searches at future experiments.
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Probing CP and flavor violation in neutral kaon decays with ALPs
The ratio of K_L to pi pi a versus K_L to pi0 a decay rates probes CP violation via flavor violation alone, with weak-interaction contributions emphasized as often neglected.
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Axion-like particles solve the $B\to K\nu\bar\nu$ and $B\to \pi K$ puzzles
A minimal ALP model with mass near the pi0, couplings to photons, top quarks, and a sterile neutrino explains the B to K inv excess via off-shell sterile neutrino pairs and B to pi K anomalies via pi0 mixing.
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Axion-like Particles and Lepton Flavor Violation in Muonic Atoms
In a simplified ALP model with flavor-violating e-μ couplings, constraints from Δa_e, μ→3e, and other processes limit the branching ratio of μ⁻e⁻→e⁻e⁻ in aluminum muonic atoms to O(10^{-20}), with resonant regions mor...
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Axion-Like Electrophilic Portal for Pion Dark Matter
A minimal electrophilic ALP portal for SIMP pion dark matter widens the allowed parameter space, making an ALP mass of order 10 MeV viable and consistent with the X17 anomaly.
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Probing invisible particles with charm
Rare charm hadron decays offer clean null tests of the standard model that can reach branching ratios up to 10^{-3} for dark photons and 10^{-4} for ALPs in unconstrained parameter spaces.
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Improved Standard-Model predictions for $\eta^{(\prime)}\to \ell^+ \ell^-$
Updated SM predictions yield Br(η→e⁺e⁻)=5.37(4)(2)[4]×10⁻⁹, Br(η→μ⁺μ⁻)=4.54(4)(2)[4]×10⁻⁶, Br(η'→e⁺e⁻)=1.80(2)(3)[3]×10⁻¹⁰, and Br(η'→μ⁺μ⁻)=1.22(2)(2)[3]×10⁻⁷, with a mild 1.6σ tension in the η→μ⁺μ⁻ channel.
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Long-lived sterile neutrinos from axionlike particles at the Super Tau-Charm Facility
STCF can reach |V_eN|^2 values one to two orders of magnitude below current bounds for heavy neutral leptons via displaced-vertex searches from ALP decays in D-meson production.
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Revisiting $\mu$-$e$ conversion in $R$-parity violating SUSY
RG running changes limits on certain RPV SUSY λ and λ' couplings by up to 80 percent, with upcoming μ-e conversion experiments expected to set stronger bounds than μ→eγ or μ→eee decays.
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Flavor phenomenology of light dark particles
Review surveying limits and prospects for flavor-violating decays of light axion-like particles, highlighting complementarity of lab, astro, and cosmo probes up to 10^12 GeV scales.
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