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Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects

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arxiv 2202.00178 v2 pith:TIJUSP3A submitted 2022-02-01 gr-qc

classification gr-qc
keywords stochasticdetectionreviewsignalsbackgroundbackgroundscollectioncurrent
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals which reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and go undetected. Like voices in a crowded room, the collection of unresolved signals gives rise to a background which is well-described via stochastic variables, and hence referred to as the stochastic GW background (SGWB). In this review, we provide an overview of stochastic GW signals, and characterise them based on features of interest such as generation processes and observational properties. We then review the current detection strategies for stochastic backgrounds, offering a ready-to-use manual for stochastic GW searches in real data. In the process, we distinguish between interferometric measurements of GWs, either by ground-based or space-based laser interferometers, and timing-residuals analyses with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). These detection methods have been applied to real data both by the large GW collaborations and smaller research groups, and the most recent and instructive results are reported here. We close this review with an outlook on future observations with third generation detectors, space-based interferometers, and potential non-interferometric detection methods proposed in the literature.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. All You Need is not $\Omega_\mathrm{gw}$: Beyond the Mean of the Cross-Correlation Estimator when Searching for an Astrophysical Gravitational-Wave Background

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    For a two-detector Cosmic Explorer network, the cross-correlation estimator of the binary black hole background has skewness 0.31 and excess kurtosis 1.3 at 20 Hz, a non-Gaussianity that will matter for next-generatio...

  2. A "Neutrino Fog" For Gravitational Waves: The Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Supernova Neutrino Memory

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  3. Residual Galactic binary foreground in LISA stochastic gravitational-wave background inference: source power concentration and spectral degeneracy

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Residual Galactic binaries left after catalog-matched recovery inflate the LISA flat-SGWB amplitude uncertainty by 13.6% when their amplitude is marginalized, and would bias it by ~120σ if omitted.

  4. Inferring the stochastic gravitational-wave background from eccentric stellar-mass binary black holes with spaceborne detectors

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    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Thermal corrections from a Z2-violating Yukawa coupling alter domain-wall annihilation temperatures and can change predicted gravitational wave spectra by orders of magnitude.

  6. Modeling Uncertainties in Modified Gravity Predictions for the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Third-generation gravitational-wave detectors can constrain frequency-dependent beyond-GR waveform modifications in the stochastic background, but modified propagation effects remain degenerate with astrophysical popu...

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