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Constraint on Early Dark Energy from Isotropic Cosmic Birefringence
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abstract
Polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is sensitive to new physics violating parity symmetry, such as the presence of a pseudoscalar "axionlike" field. Such a field may be responsible for early dark energy (EDE), which is active prior to recombination and provides a solution to the so-called Hubble tension. The EDE field coupled to photons in a parity-violating manner would rotate the plane of linear polarization of the CMB and produce a cross-correlation power spectrum of $E$- and $B$-mode polarization fields with opposite parities. In this paper, we fit the $EB$ power spectrum predicted by the photon-axion coupling of the EDE model with a potential $V(\phi)\propto [1-\cos(\phi/f)]^3$ to polarization data from Planck. We find that the unique shape of the predicted $EB$ power spectrum is not favored by the data and obtain a first constraint on the photon-axion coupling constant, $g=(0.04\pm 0.16)M_{\text{Pl}}^{-1}$ (68% CL), for the EDE model that best fits the CMB and galaxy clustering data. This constraint is independent of the miscalibration of polarization angles of the instrument or the polarized Galactic foreground emission. Our limit on $g$ may have important implications for embedding EDE in fundamental physics, such as string theory.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Limits on global cosmic birefringence using radio sources
X-band radio sources yield μ_β = (0.2 ± 1.0)° for global cosmic birefringence, with stacking to ~0.6° and a forecast that ~10^5 sources could reach ~0.1° to test Planck claims.
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Planck constraints on the scale dependence of isotropic cosmic birefringence
Planck polarization data favor a constant cosmic birefringence angle (β≈0.3°) across multipoles, with scale dependence consistent with zero at up to 1.8σ.
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Imprint of swampland-inspired coupled early dark energy
A swampland-inspired DM-EDE coupling is tested against DESI DR2 BAO data, showing the EDE potential construction affects late-time dark energy constraints.
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Planck PR4 (NPIPE) map-space cosmic birefringence
A map-space stacking analysis of Planck PR4 maps finds a CMB polarization rotation angle of about 0.46 to 0.48 degrees, dominated by instrument calibration uncertainty and consistent with no parity-violating cosmic bi...
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Beyond LambdaCDM: How the Hubble tension challenges early universe physics
An Early Dark Energy model can fit H0=73.56 km/s/Mpc only with a high EDE fraction and high peak redshift, while Bayesian evidence favors the model only in a narrow, finely-tuned parameter space.
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Cosmic Polarisation Rotation from CMB Data: a Review for GR110
A review of CMB constraints on cosmic birefringence, reporting a possible 3 sigma hint for isotropic rotation and null anisotropic results.
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