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Pion gravitational form factors in the QCD instanton vacuum I

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arxiv 2405.14026 v1 pith:G7ZOACDL submitted 2024-05-22 hep-ph hep-thnucl-th

classification hep-phhep-thnucl-th
keywords formfactorsinstantonpionhalfquarkresultsterm
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The pion form factors of the QCD energy-momentum tensor (EMT) are studied in the instanton liquid model (ILM) of the QCD vacuum. In this approach the breaking of conformal symmetry is encoded in the form of stronger-than-Poisson fluctuations in the number of instantons. For the trace of the EMT, it is shown that the gluonic trace anomaly term contributes half the pion mass, with the other half coming from the quark-mass-dependent sigma term. The $Q^2$ dependence of the form factors is governed by glueball and scalar meson exchanges. For the traceless EMT, the spin-0 and 2 form factors are computed at next-to-leading order in the instanton density using effective quark operators. Relations between the gluon and quark contributions to the EMT form factors are derived. The form factors are also expressed in terms of the pion light-front wave functions in the ILM. The results at the low resolution scale of the inverse instanton size are evolved to higher scales using the renormalization group equation. The ILM results compare well with those of recent lattice QCD calculations.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Experimental access to the gluonic origin of the proton mass

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The scalar gluonic trace form factor of the proton can be reconstructed from DVCS quark GFFs, near-threshold J/ψ gluon GFFs, and the nucleon sigma-term form factor.

  2. Gravitational form factors of the pion in light-front holographic QCD

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An effective light-front wave function whose five-dimensional piece comes from holographic QCD yields pion gravitational form factors A(Q^{2}) and D(Q^{2}) that match lattice results after parameter tuning.

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