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Entropy and type-token ratio in gigaword corpora

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arxiv 2411.10227 v3 pith:RB7KGYJK submitted 2024-11-15 cs.CL cs.IRphysics.soc-ph

Entropy and type-token ratio in gigaword corpora

classification cs.CL cs.IRphysics.soc-ph
keywords diversityentropylanguageratiotype-tokencorporaempiricalgigaword
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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There are different ways of measuring diversity in complex systems. In particular, in language, lexical diversity is characterized in terms of the type-token ratio and the word entropy. We here investigate both diversity metrics in six massive linguistic datasets in English, Spanish, and Turkish, consisting of books, news articles, and tweets. These gigaword corpora correspond to languages with distinct morphological features and differ in registers and genres, thus constituting a varied testbed for a quantitative approach to lexical diversity. We unveil an empirical functional relation between entropy and type-token ratio of texts of a given corpus and language, which is a consequence of the statistical laws observed in natural language. Further, in the limit of large text lengths we find an analytical expression for this relation relying on both Zipf and Heaps laws that agrees with our empirical findings.

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