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Probing Gauged $U(1)$ Sub-GeV Dark Matter via Cosmic Ray Cooling in Active Galactic Nuclei

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arxiv 2504.03409 v1 pith:U2VMADEK submitted 2025-04-04 hep-ph astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qc

classification hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qc
keywords coolingconstraintssub-gevactiveagnscosmicdarkeffect
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Cosmic rays (CRs) traversing the dark matter (DM) spike surrounding active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be cooled through interactions with DM particles. In this study, we investigated constraints on sub-GeV DM particles charged under various $U(1)$ gauge symmetries by exploiting the cooling effect of CRs in AGNs. We find that for low DM and mediator masses, the CR cooling rate is higher compared to the standard model cooling process. Furthermore, by utilizing constraints from the CR cooling effect in NGC 1068 and TXS 0506+056, we explore the bounds on the DM-electron and DM-proton elastic scattering cross-sections. Our results indicate that in the sub-GeV DM mass range, these constraints are more stringent than those from certain boosted DM mechanisms and current direct detection limits.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Astrophysical Neutrino Sources as Colliders

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Neutrino point-source observations (IceCube, KM3NeT) can bound inelastic pp and pγ cross sections from √s ≈ 1 GeV to ~10^5 GeV, extending beyond LHC/HERA and sometimes below unitarity limits.

  2. Galactic Center Neutrinos from Cosmic Ray-Dark Matter Interactions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ANTARES Galactic Ridge neutrino observations constrain DM-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections down to keV-scale DM masses via cosmic ray–dark matter deep inelastic scattering.

  3. Role of density profile of sub-GeV dark matter in the properties of dark matter admixed quark stars with Bayesian analysis of dark-NJL model

    hep-ph 2025-09 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A model of quark stars with a variable dark matter density profile claims sub-GeV dark matter can satisfy all current compact star constraints.

  4. Cosmic-ray boosted inelastic dark matter from neutrino-emitting active galactic nuclei

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A cosmic-ray boosted, inelastic dark matter flux from two neutrino-emitting AGNs gives new Super-K and XENONnT limits that reach part of the thermal freeze-out target for sub-GeV dark matter.

  5. Can Orbital Decay of Accreting Binary Pulsars Probe Dark Matter?

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Dark matter accretion onto binary pulsars is far too weak to affect observed orbital decay, so existing pulsar timing data cannot probe dark matter microphysics.

  6. Sub-GeV Dark Matter Under Pressure from Direct Detection

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    PandaX-4T S2-only data yields world-leading sub-GeV dark matter-electron scattering limits for heavy mediators in the 20-200 MeV range, although the result largely overlaps with the collaboration's own just-released analysis.

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