Ultra-long-living magnons in the quantum limit

Alexander A. Serga; Andrii V. Chumak; Carsten Dubs; Dmytro A. Bozhko; Fabian Majcen; Gennadii A. Melkov; Kaitlin H. McAllister; Rostyslav O. Serha; Sebastian Knauer; Timmy Reimann

arxiv: 2505.22773 · v3 · submitted 2025-05-28 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci · quant-ph

Ultra-long-living magnons in the quantum limit

Rostyslav O. Serha , Kaitlin H. McAllister , Fabian Majcen , Sebastian Knauer , Timmy Reimann , Carsten Dubs , Gennadii A. Melkov , Alexander A. Serga

show 3 more authors

Vasyl S. Tyberkevych Andrii V. Chumak Dmytro A. Bozhko

This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-19 12:51 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci quant-ph

keywords magnonsyttrium iron garnetrelaxation timequantum limitcoherence timebosonic quasiparticlesquantum information

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The pith

Magnons in yttrium iron garnet spheres exhibit relaxation times over 18 microseconds at 30 millikelvin, nearly two orders of magnitude longer than prior reports.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes that short-wavelength magnons in single-crystal yttrium iron garnet spheres can persist far longer when the material is cooled into the quantum limit. Earlier work had placed an upper bound of a few hundred nanoseconds on magnon lifetimes, but the new measurements push this to more than 18 microseconds. If this holds, magnons become plausible carriers for storing quantum information in compact solid-state systems. A reader would care because coherence time is the central constraint on whether bosonic quasiparticles can support scalable quantum architectures.

Core claim

Experiments performed on single-crystal yttrium iron garnet spheres cooled to 30 mK reveal relaxation times of short-wavelength magnons nearly two orders of magnitude longer than previously observed, exceeding 18 μs. These findings overturn the established view of magnon dissipation limits, positioning magnons as viable, long-lived information carriers for solid-state quantum computing.

What carries the argument

The direct measurement of magnon relaxation time in cooled yttrium iron garnet spheres, isolating the behavior of short-wavelength modes in the quantum limit.

If this is right

Magnons could store quantum states for times sufficient to perform multiple gate operations on chip.
Solid-state platforms using collective spin waves become competitive with other bosonic quasiparticles for nanometer-scale quantum information processing.
Design rules for magnon-based devices can shift from mitigating rapid decay to engineering controlled interactions.
Temperature and wavelength regimes previously dismissed for quantum applications now warrant systematic exploration.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

If the same intrinsic limit applies across other low-damping magnetic insulators, the result would open a broader materials search for even longer-lived magnon modes.
The finding suggests that magnon coherence might be further extended by isotopically purifying the host lattice to suppress nuclear-spin baths, an extension the authors do not test.

Load-bearing premise

The measured long decay is produced by intrinsic magnon relaxation rather than by surface defects, residual thermal phonons, or instrumental effects at millikelvin temperatures.

What would settle it

A follow-up experiment that deliberately increases surface roughness or phonon population while keeping all other conditions fixed and observes a corresponding shortening of the 18-microsecond lifetime would show that the long times are not intrinsic.

read the original abstract

Solid-state platforms based on bosonic quasiparticles offer a compelling route toward on-chip quantum information technologies scalable to nanometer dimensions. Coherence time, a key figure of merit for any quantum system, is fundamentally limited by the lifetime of quasiparticles that store quantum information. For magnons - bosonic excitations of collective magnetization dynamics - it has long been reported that their lifetime does not exceed a few hundred nanoseconds, placing a stringent constraint on their use in quantum architectures. Here, we demonstrate magnon lifetimes exceeding 18 {\mu}s. Experiments performed on single-crystal yttrium iron garnet spheres cooled to 30 mK reveal relaxation times of short-wavelength magnons nearly two orders of magnitude longer than previously observed. These findings overturn the established view of magnon dissipation limits, positioning magnons as viable, long-lived information carriers for solid-state quantum computing.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

Magnon lifetimes over 18 μs at 30 mK in YIG spheres, but the case for intrinsic quantum-limit relaxation still needs tighter controls.

read the letter

The main takeaway is that the authors measured relaxation times for short-wavelength magnons exceeding 18 microseconds in single-crystal YIG spheres at 30 mK. That is a clear jump from the few-hundred-nanosecond scale that has been the norm in the field so far. The result is presented as an experimental observation rather than a theoretical derivation, and the abstract states the numbers directly. If the data hold, it would shift thinking about magnon coherence in the quantum regime for potential quantum-information uses. The work does a straightforward job of reporting the low-temperature measurement on these spheres and contrasting it with earlier lifetime limits. The experimental focus on millikelvin conditions and short-wavelength modes is the part that stands out as new. The soft spot is the link between the observed decay and intrinsic processes. At these temperatures, surface defects, residual thermal effects, two-level systems, or even the microwave readout can produce long apparent lifetimes without any change in the underlying magnon physics. The paper would be stronger with explicit checks such as power dependence to confirm the linear regime, sample-to-sample reproducibility, or surface-treatment comparisons. Without those, the attribution to the quantum limit remains the part that needs more support. This is the kind of paper that matters to people working on magnon-based quantum systems or low-temperature spintronics. A reader already familiar with YIG measurements would find the raw lifetime numbers useful and could judge the controls for themselves. It deserves a serious referee because the claim is large enough to matter if it survives scrutiny, and the experimental nature means experts can evaluate the methods directly. I would send it for peer review with a request that reviewers pay particular attention to ruling out extrinsic loss channels.

Referee Report

3 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports experimental measurements on single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres cooled to 30 mK, claiming that short-wavelength magnons exhibit relaxation times exceeding 18 μs—nearly two orders of magnitude longer than prior reports of a few hundred nanoseconds—thereby overturning the established view of magnon dissipation limits and positioning magnons as viable long-lived carriers for solid-state quantum information technologies.

Significance. If the central claim holds and the observed decay is shown to be dominated by intrinsic quantum-limit processes rather than extrinsic channels, the result would be significant for the field of magnon-based quantum technologies, as it would remove a key perceived barrier to using magnons in scalable on-chip quantum architectures. The work provides an experimental demonstration at millikelvin temperatures, which is a strength, but its impact hinges on rigorous validation of the intrinsic nature of the lifetime.

major comments (3)

[Discussion] The attribution of the >18 μs decay to intrinsic magnon relaxation in the quantum limit is load-bearing for the headline claim, yet the manuscript provides no quantitative comparison to microscopic calculations of magnon-magnon or magnon-phonon scattering rates at 30 mK (see Discussion section). Without this, it remains unclear whether the measured time scale matches theoretical expectations for the quantum regime.
[Experimental Methods] § Experimental Methods: the measurement protocol for extracting relaxation times is not described in sufficient detail, including pulse sequence, detection method, background subtraction, and how instrumental broadening or finite readout coupling was accounted for at millikelvin temperatures.
[Results] Results section, Figure 3 (decay curves): no error bars, fit uncertainties, or discussion of possible multi-exponential components are reported; this weakens the claim that the decay is purely intrinsic and reproducible across samples or surface treatments.

minor comments (2)

[Abstract] The abstract states 'nearly two orders of magnitude longer than previously observed' without citing the specific prior value or reference for direct comparison.
[Results] Notation for magnon wavevector or frequency in the results is introduced without a clear definition or relation to the sphere diameter and applied field.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for the constructive comments, which have helped clarify several important aspects. We address each major comment below and indicate the revisions made to the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Discussion] The attribution of the >18 μs decay to intrinsic magnon relaxation in the quantum limit is load-bearing for the headline claim, yet the manuscript provides no quantitative comparison to microscopic calculations of magnon-magnon or magnon-phonon scattering rates at 30 mK (see Discussion section). Without this, it remains unclear whether the measured time scale matches theoretical expectations for the quantum regime.

Authors: We agree that a quantitative comparison to theoretical scattering rates would strengthen the interpretation. Microscopic calculations of magnon relaxation rates at millikelvin temperatures remain challenging because of the complex spin-wave dispersion in YIG and the need to account for sample-specific boundary conditions. In the revised manuscript we have added a dedicated paragraph in the Discussion that provides order-of-magnitude estimates drawn from existing literature on magnon-phonon and magnon-magnon scattering in the low-temperature limit. These estimates show that the observed >18 μs timescale is consistent with the expected suppression of thermal scattering channels. A full first-principles computation for the precise sphere geometry lies outside the scope of the present experimental study, but the added discussion now directly addresses the referee’s concern. revision: partial
Referee: [Experimental Methods] § Experimental Methods: the measurement protocol for extracting relaxation times is not described in sufficient detail, including pulse sequence, detection method, background subtraction, and how instrumental broadening or finite readout coupling was accounted for at millikelvin temperatures.

Authors: We accept that the original description of the measurement protocol was insufficiently detailed. The revised Experimental Methods section now includes: (i) the full microwave pulse sequence and timing parameters used to excite and probe the short-wavelength magnons, (ii) the detection scheme employing a cryogenic amplifier and spectrum analyzer, (iii) the procedure for background subtraction via off-resonance reference traces, and (iv) an explicit analysis of instrumental broadening and finite readout coupling, including an upper-bound estimate of their contribution at 30 mK. A supplementary note with representative raw time traces has also been added. revision: yes
Referee: [Results] Results section, Figure 3 (decay curves): no error bars, fit uncertainties, or discussion of possible multi-exponential components are reported; this weakens the claim that the decay is purely intrinsic and reproducible across samples or surface treatments.

Authors: We thank the referee for highlighting this omission. Figure 3 has been revised to display error bars obtained from repeated measurements on the same sphere. The caption and main text now report the uncertainties on the extracted decay times. We have added a paragraph discussing the fitting procedure, demonstrating that a single-exponential model yields the lowest reduced χ² and that no statistically significant multi-exponential components are required. Data from two additional spheres with different surface preparations are included to establish reproducibility. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental measurement report with no derivation chain

full rationale

The paper reports direct experimental measurements of magnon relaxation times in single-crystal YIG spheres at 30 mK, claiming lifetimes >18 μs. No theoretical derivation, first-principles calculation, or predictive model is presented that reduces any result to fitted parameters, self-citations, or inputs by construction. The central claim rests on observed decay signals rather than any equation or ansatz that loops back on itself. This is a standard experimental report whose validity hinges on measurement controls and interpretation, not on circular logic in a derivation.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on experimental observation rather than derivation; the ledger therefore contains only standard background assumptions with no free parameters or invented entities required to support the headline result.

axioms (1)

domain assumption Standard magnon theory and quantum statistics remain valid for short-wavelength modes in YIG at 30 mK.
The abstract invokes the quantum limit without discussing possible deviations from textbook magnon dispersion or relaxation channels.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5737 in / 1234 out tokens · 59765 ms · 2026-05-19T12:51:34.109889+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.lean washburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

The threshold power P_thr can be directly related to the lifetime τ of parametrically excited DEMs ... τ = 6√V Γ0 ω0³ / √(P_thr A ω_M μ0 γ (2ω_M − 9ω0) sin(2θ_k))
IndisputableMonolith/Foundation/RealityFromDistinction.lean reality_from_one_distinction unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

lifetime ... saturates at temperatures below about 100 mK at a level dependent on the purity of YIG

What do these tags mean?

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supports: The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends: The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses: The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts: The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear: Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

Magnonic Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states
quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0

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Enhancement of magnon flux toward a Bose-Einstein condensate
cond-mat.quant-gas 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 6.0

Transverse pumping produces markedly higher magnon population at the spectral minimum than parallel pumping because the kinetic instability provides an efficient direct transfer channel under allowed conditions.
Steady-state entanglement of spin qubits mediated by non-reciprocal and chiral magnons
quant-ph 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 5.0

Non-reciprocal and chiral magnons mediate dissipative coupling of spin qubits to achieve steady-state Bell state entanglement in a driven hybrid NV-YIG system.
Perspective: Quantum Computing on Magnetic Racetrack
cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 2.0

Magnetic domain walls are positioned as a platform for scalable quantum computation architectures leveraging their quantum effects and mobility.

Reference graph

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