pith. sign in

arxiv: 2510.25613 · v2 · submitted 2025-10-29 · ✦ hep-ph · hep-ex

Muon Beam Dump Experiments explicate five-dimensional nature of U(1)_{L_(μ)-L_(τ)}

Dibyendu Chakraborty , Arindam Chatterjee , Ayushi Kaushik , Kenji Nishiwaki This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 03:33 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph hep-ex
keywords U(1) Lμ-Lτfive-dimensional modelsKaluza-Klein gauge bosonsmuon beam dumpNA64μmuon g-2kinetic mixing
0
0 comments X

The pith

Muon beam dump experiments can distinguish the five-dimensional origin of the Lμ-Lτ gauge interaction by detecting enhancements from a tower of Kaluza-Klein bosons.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper investigates how present and future muon dump experiments can probe a five-dimensional version of the U(1) Lμ-Lτ symmetry. In this setup a compact extra dimension produces a tower of massive gauge bosons. These extra states increase the expected number of signal events relative to a purely four-dimensional model. Experiments that look for invisible decays and those that look for decays into muon pairs are complementary, covering different regions of parameter space. When the new bosons decay to muon pairs, their masses can be reconstructed, offering a direct way to show that more than one such particle exists and thereby confirming the five-dimensional origin of the interaction.

Core claim

In the five-dimensional U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} model, the Kaluza-Klein tower of massive gauge bosons produces an enhancement in signal rates at muon dump experiments compared with the four-dimensional case. The subset of experiments able to observe decays into muon pairs permits reconstruction of the parent-particle mass, thereby demonstrating the presence of multiple Kaluza-Klein states in accessible parameter regions and furnishing direct evidence that the Lμ-Lτ interaction originates in five dimensions.

What carries the argument

The tower of Kaluza-Klein massive gauge bosons generated by compactification of the fifth dimension, which increases production rates and enables mass peaks in muon-pair final states.

If this is right

  • Signal-event rates are larger than in the corresponding four-dimensional model because multiple Kaluza-Klein modes contribute.
  • Muon-pair decays allow reconstruction of the parent-boson mass and thereby reveal the existence of more than one Kaluza-Klein state.
  • The two classes of experiments (invisible versus visible decays) together cover complementary slices of the model parameter space.
  • The present consistency of the muon anomalous magnetic moment with the Standard Model can be used to exclude portions of the viable parameter region.
  • Non-zero kinetic mixing between the new gauge bosons and the photon introduces additional non-trivial effects that must be accounted for in the signal predictions.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Similar rate enhancements and mass-reconstruction signatures could appear in other extra-dimension models that embed a U(1) gauge symmetry.
  • If multiple mass peaks are observed, the spacing between them could be used to extract the compactification radius without additional assumptions.
  • Combining these results with precision measurements at future muon colliders would further constrain the five-dimensional parameter space.
  • The same logic applies to other feebly coupled gauge symmetries that may arise from higher-dimensional constructions.

Load-bearing premise

The five-dimensional model with ordinary compactification yields a tower of Kaluza-Klein gauge bosons whose masses and couplings produce detectable rate enhancements and reconstructible mass peaks inside the listed muon-dump setups.

What would settle it

Absence of any rate enhancement above the four-dimensional prediction, or failure to observe multiple distinct mass peaks in the muon-pair invariant-mass spectrum at NA64μ, M³, MuSIC or a future muon beam dump, would falsify the claim that these experiments can demonstrate the five-dimensional nature of the interaction.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2510.25613 by Arindam Chatterjee, Ayushi Kaushik, Dibyendu Chakraborty, Kenji Nishiwaki.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: The lowest-order 2 → 3 production process is given by: µ(p) + A(Pi) → µ(p ′ ) + A(Pf ) + Z ′ (k), where p and Pi denote the initial four-momenta of the incoming muon and target nucleus, respectively, and p ′ and Pf are the final-state four-momenta of the outgoing muon and recoiling nucleus. The outgoing Z ′ boson carries momentum k, while q = Pi −Pf represents the momentum of the intermediate virtual photo… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Feynman diagram illustrating a 2 → 2 scattering process mediated by the 4-D gauge boson Z ′ associated with the U(1)Lµ−Lτ symmetry. approximation for Bremsstrahlung.6 The WW approximation transforms the full 2 → 3 process (see Eq. (3.1) and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Feynman diagram illustrating a 2 → 2 scattering process mediated by the extra￾dimensional gauge boson Z ′(n) µ associated with the U(1)Lµ−Lτ symmetry. 3.2 Extra-Dimensional U(1)Lµ−Lτ Case with kinetic mixing As introduced in Section 2, the (minimal) five-dimensional U(1)Lµ−Lτ scenario includes multiple Z ′ bosons as KK vector bosons as Z ′(n) (n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·). As we will see later, their decay widths a… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Summary of current/future exclusion limits in the ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Comparison of MuSIC (Left) and future beam dump (Right) sensitivities for individual [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Summary of current/future exclusion limits in the ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Summary of current/future exclusion limits in the ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Convergence for NA64µ and M3 experimnts of nKKmax modes [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Comparison of different yeSM for NA64µ (Left) and M3 (Right) for nKKmax = 1. References [1] C. Antel et al., “Feebly-interacting particles: FIPs 2022 Workshop Report,” Eur. Phys. J. C 83 no. 12, (2023) 1122, arXiv:2305.01715 [hep-ph]. [2] CHARM Collaboration, F. Bergsma et al., “A Search for Decays of Heavy Neutrinos in the Mass Range 0.5-GeV to 2.8-GeV,” Phys. Lett. B 166 (1986) 473–478. [3] A. Konaka et … view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We have investigated the prospects of probing the five-dimensional $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ interactions in present and future muon dump experiments, namely, NA64$_\mu$, M$^3$, MuSIC, and a future muon beam dump experiment. These experiments are classified into two categories: the first two can probe processes where feebly interacting massive particles go into invisible channels, while the latter two can probe processes where these states decay into muon pairs. These two types of experiments are complementary in that they allow exploration of different parameter regions of a model. In our scenario, the presence of multiple massive gauge bosons as Kaluza-Klein (KK) particles leads to an enhancement in the signal events compared to the corresponding four-dimensional scenario. In particular, the decay process into muon pairs enables mass reconstruction of the parent particle, making it possible to directly demonstrate the existence of multiple KK particles in at least some parameter regions. This can provide clear evidence that the origin of the $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ interaction lies in five dimensions. Furthermore, the muon $(g-2)$ value, which is now consistent with the SM, can be used to exclude specific parameter regions for new particles interacting with muons. We also carefully discuss the non-trivial effects arising from nonzero kinetic mixing.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper explores prospects for testing a five-dimensional U(1)_{Lμ−Lτ} model at muon beam-dump experiments (NA64μ, M³, MuSIC, and a future setup). It classifies the experiments into invisible-channel and visible (μ⁺μ⁻) decay channels, claims that the Kaluza-Klein tower produces a net enhancement in signal rates relative to the four-dimensional case, and argues that invariant-mass reconstruction of multiple distinct resonances in the visible channels can directly demonstrate the five-dimensional origin. Non-trivial kinetic mixing with hypercharge is discussed, and the muon (g−2) constraint is used to exclude parameter space.

Significance. If the rate calculations and post-mixing spectra are robust, the work would provide a concrete experimental handle on extra-dimensional gauge interactions that is complementary to collider searches and could yield falsifiable predictions for multiple resolvable mass peaks. The complementarity between invisible and visible channels and the use of (g−2) to bound the parameter space are useful additions to the literature on feebly interacting particles.

major comments (3)
  1. [kinetic mixing discussion] § on kinetic mixing and KK spectrum: the claim that multiple KK modes remain observable after diagonalization requires explicit demonstration that the effective muon couplings of the second and higher modes are not suppressed by factors of sinθ_mix or cosθ_mix that grow with mode number or compactification radius; without the post-mixing mass matrix and coupling expressions shown for at least the first three modes, it is unclear whether the stated enhancement and distinct μ⁺μ⁻ peaks survive.
  2. [signal calculation for MuSIC/future dump] Signal-rate section (visible-channel experiments): the enhancement relative to 4D must be quantified with explicit formulas that include production via muon bremsstrahlung, branching ratios after mixing, detector efficiencies, and realistic backgrounds; the abstract states an enhancement but the load-bearing comparison is not yet visible in the provided outline.
  3. [decay into muon pairs] Mass-reconstruction claim: to establish that at least two distinct KK parents can be resolved, the paper should present the expected invariant-mass resolution and separation for the parameter regions where the enhancement is largest; if the peaks overlap or fall below background after mixing, the direct demonstration of five-dimensional origin is weakened.
minor comments (2)
  1. [model definition] Notation for the compactification radius and the kinetic mixing parameter should be introduced once and used consistently; currently the abstract lists them as free parameters without a clear symbol definition.
  2. [figures] Figure captions for any exclusion plots or event-rate comparisons should explicitly state whether the curves include or exclude the kinetic-mixing diagonalization.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and constructive comments, which have helped us identify areas where the manuscript can be strengthened. We address each major comment below and will incorporate revisions to provide the requested explicit demonstrations and quantifications.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: § on kinetic mixing and KK spectrum: the claim that multiple KK modes remain observable after diagonalization requires explicit demonstration that the effective muon couplings of the second and higher modes are not suppressed by factors of sinθ_mix or cosθ_mix that grow with mode number or compactification radius; without the post-mixing mass matrix and coupling expressions shown for at least the first three modes, it is unclear whether the stated enhancement and distinct μ⁺μ⁻ peaks survive.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit demonstration is required. In the revised manuscript we will present the full post-mixing mass matrix for the KK tower together with the effective muon couplings for the first three modes. Our calculations show that the mixing-induced suppression factors remain O(1) and do not grow sufficiently with mode number to remove the net enhancement or erase the distinct peaks in the relevant parameter space; the explicit expressions and a short discussion of the mode dependence will be added to the kinetic-mixing section. revision: yes

  2. Referee: Signal-rate section (visible-channel experiments): the enhancement relative to 4D must be quantified with explicit formulas that include production via muon bremsstrahlung, branching ratios after mixing, detector efficiencies, and realistic backgrounds; the abstract states an enhancement but the load-bearing comparison is not yet visible in the provided outline.

    Authors: We thank the referee for this observation. The enhancement originates from the incoherent sum of production and decay amplitudes over the KK tower. In the revision we will supply the explicit differential cross-section formulas for muon bremsstrahlung production, the post-mixing branching ratios, the assumed detector efficiencies for MuSIC and the future setup, and a background estimate. A direct numerical comparison of 5D versus 4D signal yields will be added to the visible-channel section. revision: yes

  3. Referee: Mass-reconstruction claim: to establish that at least two distinct KK parents can be resolved, the paper should present the expected invariant-mass resolution and separation for the parameter regions where the enhancement is largest; if the peaks overlap or fall below background after mixing, the direct demonstration of five-dimensional origin is weakened.

    Authors: We accept the need for quantitative resolution studies. The revised text will include the expected invariant-mass resolution for the MuSIC and future detectors, together with the mass separation between the first two KK resonances in the parameter regions of largest enhancement. We will show that, for the benchmark points where the 5D signal exceeds the 4D case, the peaks remain distinguishable above background; regions where overlap occurs will be explicitly noted as limitations. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; standard 5D KK phenomenology is self-contained

full rationale

The paper defines a five-dimensional U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} model with standard compactification, derives the tower of KK gauge bosons and their effective 4D couplings (including nonzero kinetic mixing), and computes observable signal rates and mass peaks in muon-dump experiments. These steps are direct consequences of the model Lagrangian and compactification ansatz rather than any fitted parameter renamed as a prediction, self-referential definition, or load-bearing self-citation chain. The enhancement relative to 4D and the possibility of mass reconstruction follow from summing over the explicitly included modes; the claims remain falsifiable against external experimental data and do not reduce to tautology by construction.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

2 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

The central claim rests on the standard extra-dimensional construction of a gauged U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} together with a small number of free parameters that set the KK spectrum and mixing.

free parameters (2)
  • compactification radius
    Sets the mass spacing of the KK tower; chosen to place states within experimental reach.
  • kinetic mixing parameter
    Nonzero value required for non-trivial effects discussed in the abstract.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} is gauged in five dimensions with appropriate boundary conditions that generate a tower of massive KK gauge bosons.
    Standard assumption in extra-dimensional model building invoked to produce the multiple massive states.
invented entities (1)
  • Kaluza-Klein gauge bosons of U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} no independent evidence
    purpose: Multiple massive states whose presence enhances signals and enables mass reconstruction.
    Derived from the 5D compactification; no independent falsifiable prediction outside the model is supplied in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5791 in / 1485 out tokens · 35494 ms · 2026-05-18T03:33:02.396550+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Aspects of a Five-Dimensional $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ Model at Future Muon-Based Colliders

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Future muon colliders can probe Kaluza-Klein excitations of a 5D U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} gauge boson across MeV to TeV masses with couplings down to 10^{-5}.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

101 extracted references · 101 canonical work pages · cited by 1 Pith paper · 31 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    Antelet al., Eur

    C. Antelet al., “Feebly-interacting particles: FIPs 2022 Workshop Report,”Eur. Phys. J. C83 no. 12, (2023) 1122,arXiv:2305.01715 [hep-ph]. [2]CHARMCollaboration, F. Bergsmaet al., “A Search for Decays of Heavy Neutrinos in the Mass Range 0.5-GeV to 2.8-GeV,”Phys. Lett. B166(1986) 473–478

    work page arXiv 2022

  2. [2]

    Search for Neutral Particles in Electron Beam Dump Experiment,

    A. Konakaet al., “Search for Neutral Particles in Electron Beam Dump Experiment,”Phys. Rev. Lett.57(1986) 659

    work page 1986

  3. [3]

    A Search for Short Lived Axions in an Electron Beam Dump Experiment,

    E. M. Riordanet al., “A Search for Short Lived Axions in an Electron Beam Dump Experiment,” Phys. Rev. Lett.59(1987) 755

    work page 1987

  4. [4]

    Search for Neutral Metastable Penetrating Particles Produced in the SLAC Beam Dump,

    J. D. Bjorken, S. Ecklund, W. R. Nelson, A. Abashian, C. Church, B. Lu, L. W. Mo, T. A. Nunamaker, and P. Rassmann, “Search for Neutral Metastable Penetrating Particles Produced in the SLAC Beam Dump,”Phys. Rev. D38(1988) 3375. 23

    work page 1988

  5. [5]

    An Unambiguous Search for a Light Higgs Boson,

    M. Davier and H. Nguyen Ngoc, “An Unambiguous Search for a Light Higgs Boson,”Phys. Lett. B229(1989) 150–155

    work page 1989

  6. [6]

    Evidence for nu_mu -> nu_e Oscillations from Pion Decay in Flight Neutrinos

    A. Bross, M. Crisler, S. H. Pordes, J. Volk, S. Errede, and J. Wrbanek, “A Search for Shortlived Particles Produced in an Electron Beam Dump,”Phys. Rev. Lett.67(1991) 2942–2945. [8]LSNDCollaboration, C. Athanassopouloset al., “Evidence for muon-neutrino —> electron-neutrino oscillations from pion decay in flight neutrinos,”Phys. Rev. C58(1998) 2489–2511,a...

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1991

  7. [7]

    A facility to Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case

    S. Alekhinet al., “A facility to Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case,”Rept. Prog. Phys.79no. 12, (2016) 124201,arXiv:1504.04855 [hep-ph]. [13]F ASERCollaboration, A. Arigaet al., “Technical Proposal for FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC,”arXiv:1812.09139 [physics.ins-det]. [14]F ASERCollaboration, A. Arigaet al., “...

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  8. [8]

    The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC,

    J. L. Fenget al., “The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC,”J. Phys. G50 no. 3, (2023) 030501,arXiv:2203.05090 [hep-ex]. [16]A TLASCollaboration, G. Aadet al., “Search for long-lived neutral particles decaying into lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at √s= 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector,”JHEP11(2014) 088, arXiv:1409.0746 [hep-ex]. [17]...

    work page arXiv 2023

  9. [9]

    Beam Dump Experiment at Future Electron-Positron Colliders

    S. Kanemura, T. Moroi, and T. Tanabe, “Beam dump experiment at future electron–positron colliders,”Phys. Lett. B751(2015) 25–28,arXiv:1507.02809 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

  10. [10]

    Dark photon production through positron annihilation in beam-dump experiments

    L. Marsicano, M. Battaglieri, M. Bondi’, C. D. R. Carvajal, A. Celentano, M. De Napoli, R. De Vita, E. Nardi, M. Raggi, and P. Valente, “Dark photon production through positron annihilation in beam-dump experiments,”Phys. Rev. D98no. 1, (2018) 015031, arXiv:1802.03794 [hep-ex]. 24

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  11. [11]

    Resonant production of dark photons in positron beam dump experiments

    E. Nardi, C. D. R. Carvajal, A. Ghoshal, D. Meloni, and M. Raggi, “Resonant production of dark photons in positron beam dump experiments,”Phys. Rev. D97no. 9, (2018) 095004, arXiv:1802.04756 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  12. [12]

    Searches for Decays of New Particles in the DUNE Multi-Purpose Near Detector,

    J. M. Berryman, A. de Gouvea, P. J. Fox, B. J. Kayser, K. J. Kelly, and J. L. Raaf, “Searches for Decays of New Particles in the DUNE Multi-Purpose Near Detector,”JHEP02(2020) 174, arXiv:1912.07622 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2020

  13. [13]

    Sub-GeV dark matter production at fixed-target experiments,

    A. Berlin, P. deNiverville, A. Ritz, P. Schuster, and N. Toro, “Sub-GeV dark matter production at fixed-target experiments,”Phys. Rev. D102no. 9, (2020) 095011,arXiv:2003.03379 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2020

  14. [14]

    Celentano, L

    A. Celentano, L. Darm´ e, L. Marsicano, and E. Nardi, “New production channels for light dark matter in hadronic showers,”Phys. Rev. D102no. 7, (2020) 075026,arXiv:2006.09419 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2020

  15. [15]

    Leptophilic Gauge Bosons at ILC Beam Dump Experiment,

    K. Asai, T. Moroi, and A. Niki, “Leptophilic Gauge Bosons at ILC Beam Dump Experiment,” Phys. Lett. B818(2021) 136374,arXiv:2104.00888 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2021

  16. [16]

    New physics searches at the ILC positron and electron beam dumps,

    K. Asai, S. Iwamoto, Y. Sakaki, and D. Ueda, “New physics searches at the ILC positron and electron beam dumps,”JHEP09(2021) 183,arXiv:2105.13768 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2021

  17. [17]

    Leptophilic gauge bosons at lepton beam dump experiments,

    T. Moroi and A. Niki, “Leptophilic gauge bosons at lepton beam dump experiments,”JHEP05 (2023) 016,arXiv:2205.11766 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2023

  18. [18]

    Chiral Z ′ in FASER, FASER2, DUNE, and ILC beam dump experiments,

    K. Asai, A. Das, J. Li, T. Nomura, and O. Seto, “Chiral Z’ in FASER, FASER2, DUNE, and ILC beam dump experiments,”Phys. Rev. D106no. 9, (2022) 095033,arXiv:2206.12676 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2022

  19. [19]

    Dark matter search with the BDX-MINI experiment,

    M. Battaglieriet al., “Dark matter search with the BDX-MINI experiment,”Phys. Rev. D106 no. 7, (2022) 072011,arXiv:2208.01387 [hep-ex]

    work page arXiv 2022

  20. [20]

    Sub-GeV dark matter search at ILC beam dumps,

    K. Asai, S. Iwamoto, M. Perelstein, Y. Sakaki, and D. Ueda, “Sub-GeV dark matter search at ILC beam dumps,”JHEP02(2024) 129,arXiv:2301.03816 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2024

  21. [21]

    Blinov, P

    N. Blinov, P. J. Fox, K. J. Kelly, P. A. N. Machado, and R. Plestid, “Dark fluxes from electromagnetic cascades,”JHEP07(2024) 022,arXiv:2401.06843 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2024

  22. [22]

    Dark photons from charged pion bremsstrahlung at proton beam experiments,

    D. Curtin, Y. Kahn, and R. Nguyen, “Dark photons from charged pion bremsstrahlung at proton beam experiments,”Phys. Rev. D108no. 9, (2023) 095039,arXiv:2305.19309 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2023

  23. [23]

    New Physics Search with the Optical Dump Concept at Future Colliders,

    I. Schulthess and F. Meloni, “New Physics Search with the Optical Dump Concept at Future Colliders,”arXiv:2503.20996 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv

  24. [24]

    Muon Beam Experiments to Probe the Dark Sector

    C.-Y. Chen, M. Pospelov, and Y.-M. Zhong, “Muon Beam Experiments to Probe the Dark Sector,”Phys. Rev. D95no. 11, (2017) 115005,arXiv:1701.07437 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  25. [25]

    M$^3$: A New Muon Missing Momentum Experiment to Probe $(g-2)_{\mu}$ and Dark Matter at Fermilab

    Y. Kahn, G. Krnjaic, N. Tran, and A. Whitbeck, “M 3: a new muon missing momentum experiment to probe (g−2) µ and dark matter at Fermilab,”JHEP09(2018) 153, arXiv:1804.03144 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  26. [26]

    Probing millicharged particles with NA64 experiment at CERN,

    S. N. Gninenko, D. V. Kirpichnikov, and N. V. Krasnikov, “Probing millicharged particles with NA64 experiment at CERN,”Phys. Rev. D100no. 3, (2019) 035003,arXiv:1810.06856 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2019

  27. [27]

    Search for dark sector physics with NA64,

    S. N. Gninenko, N. V. Krasnikov, and V. A. Matveev, “Search for dark sector physics with NA64,”Phys. Part. Nucl.51no. 5, (2020) 829–858,arXiv:2003.07257 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2020

  28. [28]

    A muon–ion collider at BNL: The future QCD frontier and path to a new energy frontier ofµ+µ−colliders,

    D. Acosta and W. Li, “A muon–ion collider at BNL: The future QCD frontier and path to a new energy frontier ofµ+µ−colliders,”Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A1027(2022) 166334, arXiv:2107.02073 [physics.acc-ph]

    work page arXiv 2022

  29. [29]

    Probing hidden sectors with a muon beam: Total and differential cross sections for vector boson production in muon bremsstrahlung,

    D. V. Kirpichnikov, H. Sieber, L. M. Bueno, P. Crivelli, and M. M. Kirsanov, “Probing hidden sectors with a muon beam: Total and differential cross sections for vector boson production in muon bremsstrahlung,”Phys. Rev. D104no. 7, (2021) 076012,arXiv:2107.13297 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2021

  30. [30]

    Probing New Gauge Forces with a High-Energy Muon Beam Dump,

    C. Cesarotti, S. Homiller, R. K. Mishra, and M. Reece, “Probing New Gauge Forces with a High-Energy Muon Beam Dump,”Phys. Rev. Lett.130no. 7, (2023) 071803,arXiv:2202.12302 [hep-ph]. 25

    work page arXiv 2023

  31. [31]

    The potential of a TeV-scale muon-ion collider,

    D. Acosta, E. Barberis, N. Hurley, W. Li, O. Miguel Colin, Y. Wang, D. Wood, and X. Zuo, “The potential of a TeV-scale muon-ion collider,”JINST18no. 09, (2023) P09025,arXiv:2203.06258 [hep-ex]

    work page arXiv 2023

  32. [32]

    Implication of the dark axion portal for the EDM of fermions and dark matter probing with NA64e, NA64µ, LDMX, M3, and BaBar,

    A. S. Zhevlakov, D. V. Kirpichnikov, and V. E. Lyubovitskij, “Implication of the dark axion portal for the EDM of fermions and dark matter probing with NA64e, NA64µ, LDMX, M3, and BaBar,”Phys. Rev. D106no. 3, (2022) 035018,arXiv:2204.09978 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2022

  33. [33]

    Probing hidden spin-2 mediator of dark matter with NA64e, LDMX, NA64µ, and M3,

    I. V. Voronchikhin and D. V. Kirpichnikov, “Probing hidden spin-2 mediator of dark matter with NA64e, LDMX, NA64µ, and M3,”Phys. Rev. D106no. 11, (2022) 115041,arXiv:2210.00751 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2022

  34. [34]

    New searches for muonphilic particles at proton beam dump spectrometers,

    D. Forbes, C. Herwig, Y. Kahn, G. Krnjaic, C. Mantilla Suarez, N. Tran, and A. Whitbeck, “New searches for muonphilic particles at proton beam dump spectrometers,”Phys. Rev. D107no. 11, (2023) 116026,arXiv:2212.00033 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2023

  35. [35]

    Sensitivity potential to a light flavor-changing scalar boson with DUNE and NA64µ,

    B. Radics, L. Molina-Bueno, L. Fields., H. Sieber, and P. Crivelli, “Sensitivity potential to a light flavor-changing scalar boson with DUNE and NA64µ,”Eur. Phys. J. C83no. 9, (2023) 775, arXiv:2306.07405 [hep-ex]

    work page arXiv 2023

  36. [36]

    Lepton flavor violating dark photon,

    A. S. Zhevlakov, D. V. Kirpichnikov, and V. E. Lyubovitskij, “Lepton flavor violating dark photon,”Phys. Rev. D109no. 1, (2024) 015015,arXiv:2307.10771 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2024

  37. [37]

    Cesarotti and R

    C. Cesarotti and R. Gambhir, “The new physics case for beam-dump experiments with accelerated muon beams,”JHEP05(2024) 283,arXiv:2310.16110 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2024

  38. [38]

    Lepton-flavor-violating ALP signals with TeV-scale muon beams,

    B. Batell, H. Davoudiasl, R. Marcarelli, E. T. Neil, and S. Trojanowski, “Lepton-flavor-violating ALP signals with TeV-scale muon beams,”Phys. Rev. D110no. 7, (2024) 075039, arXiv:2407.15942 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2024

  39. [39]

    The bremsstrahlung-like production of the massive spin-2 dark matter mediator,

    I. V. Voronchikhin and D. V. Kirpichnikov, “The bremsstrahlung-like production of the massive spin-2 dark matter mediator,”arXiv:2412.10150 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv

  40. [40]

    Probing axion and muon-philic new physics with muon beam dump,

    H. Li, Z. Liu, and N. Song, “Probing axion and muon-philic new physics with muon beam dump,” arXiv:2501.06294 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv

  41. [41]

    Prospects in the search for a new light Z’ boson with the NA64 µ experiment at the CERN SPS,

    H. Sieber, D. Banerjee, P. Crivelli, E. Depero, S. N. Gninenko, D. V. Kirpichnikov, M. M. Kirsanov, V. Poliakov, and L. Molina Bueno, “Prospects in the search for a new light Z’ boson with the NA64µexperiment at the CERN SPS,”Phys. Rev. D105no. 5, (2022) 052006, arXiv:2110.15111 [hep-ex]. [57]NA64Collaboration, Y. M. Andreevet al., “First Results in the S...

    work page arXiv 2022

  42. [42]

    New Physics From Electric Charge Quantization?,

    R. Foot, “New Physics From Electric Charge Quantization?,”Mod. Phys. Lett. A6(1991) 527–530

    work page 1991

  43. [43]

    NEW Z-prime PHENOMENOLOGY,

    X. G. He, G. C. Joshi, H. Lew, and R. R. Volkas, “NEW Z-prime PHENOMENOLOGY,”Phys. Rev. D43(1991) 22–24

    work page 1991

  44. [44]

    Simplest Z-prime model,

    X.-G. He, G. C. Joshi, H. Lew, and R. R. Volkas, “Simplest Z-prime model,”Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 2118–2132

    work page 1991

  45. [45]

    Model for a Light Z' Boson

    R. Foot, X. G. He, H. Lew, and R. R. Volkas, “Model for a light Z-prime boson,”Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 4571–4580,arXiv:hep-ph/9401250

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1994

  46. [46]

    Phenomenology of $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ charged dark matter at PAMELA/FERMI and colliders

    S. Baek and P. Ko, “Phenomenology of U(1)(L(mu)-L(tau)) charged dark matter at PAMELA and colliders,”JCAP10(2009) 011,arXiv:0811.1646 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2009

  47. [47]

    Dark matter and muon $(g-2)$ in local $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$-extended Ma Model

    S. Baek, “Dark matter and muon (g−2) in localU(1) Lµ−Lτ -extended Ma Model,”Phys. Lett. B 756(2016) 1–5,arXiv:1510.02168 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  48. [48]

    Gauged $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ model in light of muon $g-2$ anomaly, neutrino mass and dark matter phenomenology

    S. Patra, S. Rao, N. Sahoo, and N. Sahu, “GaugedU(1) Lµ−Lτ model in light of muong−2 anomaly, neutrino mass and dark matter phenomenology,”Nucl. Phys. B917(2017) 317–336, arXiv:1607.04046 [hep-ph]. 26

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  49. [49]

    Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter and Anomalous Magnetic Moment of Muon in a $U(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$ Model

    A. Biswas, S. Choubey, and S. Khan, “Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter and Anomalous Magnetic Moment of Muon in aU(1) Lµ−Lτ Model,”JHEP09(2016) 147,arXiv:1608.04194 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  50. [50]

    FIMP and Muon ($g-2$) in a U$(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$ Model

    A. Biswas, S. Choubey, and S. Khan, “FIMP and Muon (g−2) in a U(1) Lµ−Lτ Model,”JHEP02 (2017) 123,arXiv:1612.03067 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  51. [51]

    Predictions for the neutrino parameters in the minimal gauged U(1)$_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ model

    K. Asai, K. Hamaguchi, and N. Nagata, “Predictions for the neutrino parameters in the minimal gaugedU(1) Lµ−Lτ model,”Eur. Phys. J. C77no. 11, (2017) 763,arXiv:1705.00419 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  52. [52]

    The Dark $L_\mu - L_\tau$ Rises via Kinetic Mixing

    G. Arcadi, T. Hugle, and F. S. Queiroz, “The DarkL µ −L τ Rises via Kinetic Mixing,”Phys. Lett. B784(2018) 151–158,arXiv:1803.05723 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  53. [53]

    Self-interacting dark matter and muon $g-2$ in a gauged U$(1)_{L_{\mu} - L_{\tau}}$ model

    A. Kamada, K. Kaneta, K. Yanagi, and H.-B. Yu, “Self-interacting dark matter and muong−2 in a gauged U(1) Lµ−Lτ model,”JHEP06(2018) 117,arXiv:1805.00651 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  54. [54]

    Let there be Light Dark Matter: The gauged $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ case

    P. Foldenauer, “Light dark matter in a gaugedU(1) Lµ−Lτ model,”Phys. Rev. D99no. 3, (2019) 035007,arXiv:1808.03647 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019

  55. [55]

    Predictions for the neutrino parameters in the minimal model extended by linear combination of U(1)Le−Lµ, U(1)Lµ−Lτ and U(1)B−L gauge symmetries,

    K. Asai, “Predictions for the neutrino parameters in the minimal model extended by linear combination ofU(1) Le−Lµ,U(1) Lµ−Lτ and U(1)B−L gauge symmetries,”Eur. Phys. J. C80no. 2, (2020) 76,arXiv:1907.04042 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2020

  56. [56]

    Inelastic extra U(1) charged scalar dark matter,

    N. Okada and O. Seto, “Inelastic extraU(1) charged scalar dark matter,”Phys. Rev. D101no. 2, (2020) 023522,arXiv:1908.09277 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2020

  57. [57]

    Search for U(1) Lµ−Lτ charged dark matter with neutrino telescope,

    K. Asai, S. Okawa, and K. Tsumura, “Search for U(1) Lµ−Lτ charged dark matter with neutrino telescope,”JHEP03(2021) 047,arXiv:2011.03165 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2021

  58. [58]

    Simplest and Most Predictive Model of Muon g-2 and Thermal Dark Matter,

    I. Holst, D. Hooper, and G. Krnjaic, “Simplest and Most Predictive Model of Muon g-2 and Thermal Dark Matter,”Phys. Rev. Lett.128no. 14, (2022) 141802,arXiv:2107.09067 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2022

  59. [59]

    Non-adiabatic evolution of dark sector in the presence of U(1)Lµ−Lτ gauge symmetry,

    A. Tapadar, S. Ganguly, and S. Roy, “Non-adiabatic evolution of dark sector in the presence of U(1) Lµ−Lτ gauge symmetry,”JCAP05no. 05, (2022) 019,arXiv:2109.13609 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2022

  60. [60]

    Explaining lepton-flavor non-universality and self-interacting dark matter with Lµ − Lτ,

    J. Heeck and A. Thapa, “Explaining lepton-flavor non-universality and self-interacting dark matter withL µ −L τ,”Eur. Phys. J. C82no. 5, (2022) 480,arXiv:2202.08854 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2022

  61. [61]

    Neutrinophilic dark-matter annihilation in a model with U(1)Lµ−Lτ × U(1)H gauge symmetry,

    K. I. Nagao, T. Nomura, H. Okada, and T. Shimomura, “Neutrinophilic dark-matter annihilation in a model withU(1) Lµ−Lτ ×U(1) H gauge symmetry,”Phys. Rev. D108no. 5, (2023) 055032, arXiv:2212.14528 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2023

  62. [62]

    Probing chiral and flavoredZ ′ from cosmic bursts through neutrino interactions,

    S. K. A., A. Das, G. Lambiase, T. Nomura, and Y. Orikasa, “Probing chiral and flavoredZ ′ from cosmic bursts through neutrino interactions,”arXiv:2308.14483 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv

  63. [63]

    Direct detection of light dark matter charged 32 under a Lµ − Lτ symmetry,

    P. Figueroa, G. Herrera, and F. Ochoa, “Direct detection of light dark matter charged under a Lµ −L τ symmetry,”arXiv:2404.03090 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv

  64. [64]

    Cosmology With a Very Light $L_\mu - L_\tau$ Gauge Boson

    M. Escudero, D. Hooper, G. Krnjaic, and M. Pierre, “Cosmology with A Very Light L µ −L τ Gauge Boson,”JHEP03(2019) 071,arXiv:1901.02010 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019

  65. [65]

    Resolving the Hubble tension in a U(1)Lµ−Lτ model with the Majoron,

    T. Araki, K. Asai, K. Honda, R. Kasuya, J. Sato, T. Shimomura, and M. J. S. Yang, “Resolving the Hubble tension in aU(1) Lµ−Lτ model with the Majoron,”PTEP2021no. 10, (2021) 103B05, arXiv:2103.07167 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2021

  66. [66]

    High-energy cosmic neutrinos as a probe of the vector mediator scenario in light of the muon g-2 anomaly and Hubble tension,

    J. A. Carpio, K. Murase, I. M. Shoemaker, and Z. Tabrizi, “High-energy cosmic neutrinos as a probe of the vector mediator scenario in light of the muon g-2 anomaly and Hubble tension,” Phys. Rev. D107no. 10, (2023) 103057,arXiv:2104.15136 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2023

  67. [67]

    Contribution of Majoron to Hubble tension in gauged U(1)Lµ−Lτ Model,

    K. Asai, T. Asano, J. Sato, and M. J. S. Yang, “Contribution of Majoron to Hubble Tension in Gauged U(1)Lµ– LτModel,”PTEP2024no. 7, (2024) 073E01,arXiv:2309.01162 [hep-ph]

    work page arXiv 2024

  68. [68]

    The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update

    R. Alibertiet al., “The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update,”arXiv:2505.21476 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv

  69. [69]

    Prospects of five-dimensional $L_\mu-L_\tau$ gauge interactions in the light of elastic neutrino-electron scatterings: The scope of the DUNE near detector

    D. Chakraborty, A. Chatterjee, A. Kaushik, and K. Nishiwaki, “Prospects of five-dimensional Lµ-Lτgauge interactions in the light of elastic neutrino-electron scatterings: The scope of the DUNE near detector,”Phys. Rev. D110no. 9, (2024) 095030,arXiv:2407.20615 [hep-ph]. 27

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  70. [70]

    TASI 2011: Four Lectures on TeV Scale Extra Dimensions

    E. Ponton, “TASI 2011: Four Lectures on TeV Scale Extra Dimensions,” inTheoretical Advanced Study Institute in Elementary Particle Physics: The Dark Secrets of the Terascale, pp. 283–374. 2013.arXiv:1207.3827 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2011

  71. [71]

    R. N. Saldanha,Precision Measurement of the 7Be Solar Neutrino Interaction Rate in Borexino. PhD thesis, Princeton U., 2012

    work page 2012

  72. [72]

    Taiwan EXperiment On NeutrinO -- History, Status and Prospects

    H. T.-K. Wong, “Taiwan EXperiment On NeutrinO — History and Prospects,”The Universe3 no. 4, (2015) 22–37,arXiv:1608.00306 [hep-ex]. [89]CHARM-IICollaboration, P. Vilainet al., “Measurement of differential cross-sections for muon-neutrino electron scattering,”Phys. Lett. B302(1993) 351–355. [90]CHARM-IICollaboration, P. Vilainet al., “Precision measurement...

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

  73. [73]

    Two U(1)’s and Epsilon Charge Shifts,

    B. Holdom, “Two U(1)’s and Epsilon Charge Shifts,”Phys. Lett. B166(1986) 196–198. [94]NA64Collaboration, Y. M. Andreevet al., “Shedding light on dark sectors with high-energy muons at the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS,”Phys. Rev. D110no. 11, (2024) 112015, arXiv:2409.10128 [hep-ex]

    work page arXiv 1986

  74. [74]

    New Fixed-Target Experiments to Search for Dark Gauge Forces

    J. D. Bjorken, R. Essig, P. Schuster, and N. Toro, “New Fixed-Target Experiments to Search for Dark Gauge Forces,”Phys. Rev. D80(2009) 075018,arXiv:0906.0580 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2009

  75. [75]

    AXION BREMSSTRAHLUNG BY AN ELECTRON BEAM,

    Y.-S. Tsai, “AXION BREMSSTRAHLUNG BY AN ELECTRON BEAM,”Phys. Rev. D34 (1986) 1326

    work page 1986

  76. [76]

    Radiation emitted in collisions of very fast electrons,

    C. F. von Weizsacker, “Radiation emitted in collisions of very fast electrons,”Z. Phys.88(1934) 612–625

    work page 1934

  77. [77]

    Correlation of certain collision problems with radiation theory,

    E. J. Williams, “Correlation of certain collision problems with radiation theory,”Kong. Dan. Vid. Sel. Mat. Fys. Med.13N4no. 4, (1935) 1–50

    work page 1935

  78. [78]

    IMPROVED WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO LEPTON AND W BOSON PAIR PRODUCTION,

    K. J. Kim and Y.-S. Tsai, “IMPROVED WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO LEPTON AND W BOSON PAIR PRODUCTION,”Phys. Rev. D8(1973) 3109

    work page 1973

  79. [79]

    Pair Production and Bremsstrahlung of Charged Leptons,

    Y.-S. Tsai, “Pair Production and Bremsstrahlung of Charged Leptons,”Rev. Mod. Phys.46 (1974) 815. [Erratum: Rev.Mod.Phys. 49, 421–423 (1977)]

    work page 1974

  80. [80]

    The Validity of the Weizsacker-Williams Approximation and the Analysis of Beam Dump Experiments: Production of a New Scalar Boson

    Y.-S. Liu, D. McKeen, and G. A. Miller, “Validity of the Weizs¨ acker-Williams approximation and the analysis of beam dump experiments: Production of a new scalar boson,”Phys. Rev. D95 no. 3, (2017) 036010,arXiv:1609.06781 [hep-ph]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

Showing first 80 references.